Be\u00fdik \u1ef2\u00fcpek \u00fdoluny\u0148 ugrundaky uly \u00fdurdu\u0148 biri Parfi\u00fda d\u00f6wleti bolupdyr.
\nHyta\u00fdy\u0148 s\u00f6wda kerwenleri Parfi\u00fdany\u0148 ba\u00fd \u015f\u00e4herlerini\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcnden arka\u00fdyn ge\u00e7ip,
\nMesopotami\u00fda \u00e7enli baryp \u00fdetipdirler. Parfi\u00fda t\u00e4jirleri di\u0148e bir hyta\u00fd harytlaryny
\nsatyn almak \u00fda-da ony g\u00fcnbatar \u00fdurtlaryna \u00e4kitmek bilen me\u015fgul bolman, e\u00fdsem
\n\u00f6zleri hem Hyta\u00fda birn\u00e4\u00e7e zatlary satypdyrlar. Hyta\u00fd \u00f6z serhedini birn\u00e4\u00e7e \u00e7arwa
\nta\u00fdpalardan goramak \u00fc\u00e7in, gyl\u00fdala m\u00e4t\u00e4\u00e7 bolupdyr. Parfi\u00fda bolsa \u00fdyndam we
\nga\u00fdratly atlara ba\u00fd bolupdyr. \u015ee\u00fdlelikde, Parfi\u00fda atlaryna bolan isleg Hyta\u00fdda
\n\u00fdokary bolupdyr. T\u00fcrkmenistan s\u00f6wda kerwen \u00fdoluny\u0148 \u00e7atrygynda \u00fderle\u015fipdir.
\nB.e. \u00f6\u0148ki asyrlarda hem Amul (T\u00fcrkmenabat) s\u00f6wda \u00fdollaryny\u0148 kesi\u015f\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fderi
\nbolupdyr. \u00c7yn-Ma\u00e7yn \u00fdurdundan ga\u00fddan kerwenler Je\u00fdhun (Amyder\u00fda)
\nder\u00fdasyndan ge\u00e7ip, Amulda d\u00fc\u015fl\u00e4pdirler. Amuldan demirgazyga ugran kerwenler
\ngadymy G\u00fcrgenje, g\u00fcnbatara ugran kerwenler Merwe we ondan a\u0148ryk Sarahsa,
\nAbiwerde, Nusa\u00fda, Dehistana barypdyrlar.
\nT\u00fcrkmenler kerwenleri gar\u015fy alypdyrlar we ugradypdyrlar, olary\u0148 goragynda
\ndurupdyrlar, d\u00fc\u00fdeler, be\u00fdleki ulaglar, azyk-suwluklar bilen \u00fcpj\u00fcn edipdirler.
\nT\u00fcrkmenleri\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcnden Hywa, Buhara, Hyrada, Ma\u015fada, Yspyhana, T\u00f6wrize
\nbar\u00fdan s\u00f6wda kerwenleri ge\u00e7ipdirler. T\u00fcrkmenleri\u0148 \u00f6nd\u00fcren haly, dokma\u00e7ylyk,
\nzerg\u00e4r\u00e7ilik, g\u00f6n \u00f6n\u00fcmleri da\u015fary \u00fdurtlarda hem \u015f\u00f6hratlanypdyr. Gadymy
\nd\u00f6w\u00fcrlerde we orta asyrlarda Merw G\u00fcndogary\u0148 i\u0148 uly medeni we s\u00f6wda merkezi
\nbolupdyr. Merw \u00f6z\u00fcni\u0148 \u00f6kde h\u00fcn\u00e4rmenleri bilen hem me\u015fhur ekeni. Orta asyrlarda
\no\u0148a \u201cHorasan \u015f\u00e4herlerini\u0148 enesi\u201d di\u00fdilmegi \u00fd\u00f6ne \u00fderden d\u00e4ldir. Merwi\u0148
\nmatalaryndan Bagdat han-beglerini\u0148 lybaslary tikilipdir. Merwde \u00fdasalan
\nzerg\u00e4r\u00e7ilik we k\u00fc\u00fdzeg\u00e4r\u00e7ilik \u00f6n\u00fcmleri ge\u00e7ginli harytlar bolupdyr.
\nBe\u00fdik \u1ef2\u00fcpek \u00fdoluny\u0148 ugrundaky i\u0148 uly \u015f\u00e4herleri\u0148 biri-de gadymy G\u00fcrgen\u00e7 \u2013
\nh\u00e4zirki K\u00f6ne\u00fcrgen\u00e7 \u015f\u00e4heridir. Onu\u0148 bazarlaryna d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 k\u00f6p \u00fdurtlaryndan t\u00e4jirler
\ngelipdirler. Horezmde \u00fdasalan syr\u00e7aly k\u00fc\u00fdzeler, b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00e7 gaplar, \u015fa\u00fd-sepler, altyn-
\nk\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fden zikgelenen te\u0148\u0148eler k\u00f6p \u00fdurtlara \u00fda\u00fdrapdyr. Orta asyrlarda G\u00fcrgenji\u0148
\ngawun-garpyzlary Bagdat bazarlarynda satylypdyr.<\/p>\n
Merw we G\u00fcrgen\u00e7 di\u0148e s\u00f6wdany\u0148 d\u00e4l, e\u00fdsem ylmy\u0148 we medeni\u00fdeti\u0148
\nmerkezleri hem bolupdyr. D\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 me\u015fhur orta asyr alymlary G\u00fcrgen\u00e7d\u00e4ki we
\nMerwd\u00e4ki Mamunylar akademi\u00fdalarynda okap, bilim alyp, \u00f6kde lukmanlar,
\nfilosoflar, matematikler, taryh\u00e7ylar, geograflar, \u015fahyrlar we sazandalar bolup
\n\u00fdeti\u015fipdirler.
\nOrta asyr Dehistan \u015f\u00e4heri hem halkara kerwen \u00fdolunda \u00fderle\u015fipdir. Bu \u015f\u00e4herde
\nHorezmden E\u00fdrana, arap \u00fdurtlaryna bar\u00fdan-gel\u00fd\u00e4n kerwenler d\u00fc\u015fl\u00e4p ge\u00e7ipdirler.
\nBu \u00fderde d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 44 \u015f\u00e4herinde zikge edilen pul hazynasyny\u0148 tapylmagy,
\nDehistany\u0148 orta asyry\u0148 s\u00f6wda we medeni gatna\u015fyklarynda uly orun tutandygyny
\ng\u00f6rkez\u00fd\u00e4r. Di\u00fdarbekir, Yzmyk\u015fir, Zemm \u00fdaly onlar\u00e7a \u015f\u00e4her-galalar hem Be\u00fdik
\n\u1ef2\u00fcpek \u00fdoluny\u0148 d\u00fcrli \u015fahalarynda \u00fderle\u015fen \u015f\u00e4herlerdir<\/p>\n
D\u00f6wletmyrat Tejenow,<\/strong><\/em> <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Be\u00fdik \u1ef2\u00fcpek \u00fdoluny\u0148 ugrundaky uly \u00fdurdu\u0148 biri Parfi\u00fda d\u00f6wleti bolupdyr. Hyta\u00fdy\u0148 s\u00f6wda kerwenleri Parfi\u00fdany\u0148 ba\u00fd \u015f\u00e4herlerini\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcnden arka\u00fdyn ge\u00e7ip, Mesopotami\u00fda \u00e7enli baryp \u00fdetipdirler. Parfi\u00fda t\u00e4jirleri di\u0148e bir hyta\u00fd harytlaryny satyn almak \u00fda-da ony g\u00fcnbatar \u00fdurtlaryna \u00e4kitmek bilen me\u015fgul bolman, e\u00fdsem \u00f6zleri hem Hyta\u00fda birn\u00e4\u00e7e zatlary satypdyrlar. Hyta\u00fd \u00f6z serhedini birn\u00e4\u00e7e \u00e7arwa ta\u00fdpalardan goramak \u00fc\u00e7in, gyl\u00fdala […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11726,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11725"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11725"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11727,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11725\/revisions\/11727"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nT\u00fcrkmen d\u00f6wlet ykdysady\u00fdet we<\/strong><\/em>
\ndolandyry\u015f intitutyny\u0148 2-nji \u00fdyl talyby.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n