Mali\u00fde baradaky ylmy\u0148 \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7yky\u015fyny we \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fini iki iri tapgyra b\u00f6l\u00fcp a\u00fdyrmak bol\u00fdar. Rim imperi\u00fdasy d\u00f6wr\u00fcnde ba\u015flap, XX asyry\u0148 ahyrlarynda tamamlanylan ilkinji tapgyr mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 nusgawy nazary\u00fdeti di\u00fdlip atlandyryl\u00fdan nazary be\u00fdanynda \u00f6z mazmunyny tapdy. Mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 nusgawy nazary\u00fdetini\u0148 ornuny mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 t\u00e4ze nusgawy nazary\u00fdetini\u0148 logikasyny alamatlandyr\u00fdan ikinji tapgyr tutdy. Mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 nusgawy nazary\u00fdetini\u0148 mazmuny mali\u00fde gatna\u015fyklarynda d\u00f6wleti\u0148 \u00fdokary orun tut\u00fdandygy bilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndiril\u00fd\u00e4r. Mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 t\u00e4ze nusgawy nazary\u00fdetinde mali\u00fde gatna\u015fyklarynda hususy \u00e7ygryny\u0148 (has takyk a\u00fddany\u0148da, bu \u00fderde g\u00fcrr\u00fc\u0148 iri kompani\u00fdalary\u0148 we ma\u00fda bazarlaryny\u0148 nukda\u00fdnazaryndaky mali\u00fdesi barada gid\u00fd\u00e4r) belent orun tut\u00fdandygy bilen \u015fertlendiril\u00fd\u00e4r. Birinji tapgyry\u0148 uzak d\u00f6wri tut\u00fdandygy seb\u00e4pli, \u015fol tapgyry a\u00fdry-a\u00fdry d\u00f6w\u00fcrlere b\u00f6lmek maksadala\u00fdyk bolardy. XIX asyry\u0148 mali\u00fde ylmyny\u0148 me\u015fhur nazary\u00fdet\u00e7ilerini\u0148 biri hasaplan\u00fdan Ge\u00fddelberg uniwersitetini\u0148 professory K.Rau mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 nusgawy nazary\u00fdetini\u0148 \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6wr\u00fcni bell\u00e4p ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4r: mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 ylmy d\u00e4l, mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 ylmy ta\u00fddan i\u015flenilip d\u00fcz\u00fcli\u015fine \u00e7e-mele\u015fmeler we mali\u00fd\u00e4 ylmy \u00e7emele\u015fmeler d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerini. Mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 ylmy d\u00e4l d\u00f6wri i\u0148 uzak d\u00f6wri gur\u015fap al\u00fdar. Mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 taryh\u00e7ylary \u015fol d\u00f6wr\u00fc\u0148 ba\u015flangy\u00e7 nokadyny gadymy Gresi\u00fda we Rim d\u00f6wletlerini\u0148 lary \u015fol d\u00f6wr\u00fc\u0148 ba\u015flangy\u00e7 nokadyny gadymy Gresi\u00fda we Rim d\u00f6wletlerini\u0148 emele gelen d\u00f6wr\u00fcne degi\u015fli ed\u00fd\u00e4rler. \u015eol d\u00f6w\u00fcrde k\u00f6ne\u00e7illik gylykh\u00e4si\u00fdetler (patriarh) h\u00f6k\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcpdir we d\u00f6wlete jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7ilik isleglerini kanagatlandyrmak \u00fc\u00e7in seri\u015fdeleri topla\u00fdan hususy tarap h\u00f6km\u00fcnde garalypdyr. D\u00f6wleti\u0148 girdejileri birn\u00e4\u00e7e \u00e7e\u015fmeleri\u0148 hasabyna emele gel\u00fd\u00e4rdiler, olary\u0148 esasy g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00f6wlet \u00fderlerini, k\u00e4nlerini, bazarlaryny, g\u00e4mi duralgalaryny pe\u00fddalanmak \u00fc\u00e7in t\u00f6len\u00fd\u00e4n t\u00f6leglerden ybarat dur\u00fdardy. D\u00f6wlet seri\u015fdelerini\u0148 har\u00e7lanyly\u015fyny\u0148 ugurlary hem a\u00fdratyn \u00f6zbolu\u015flyklary bilen tapawutlanma\u00fdardylar. \u015eol d\u00f6w\u00fcrde \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly mali\u00fde ulgamyny gurnamakda zerurlyk \u00fdokdy, seb\u00e4bi d\u00f6wlet \u00e7ykdajylaryny\u0148 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fleri we olary\u0148 har\u00e7lanyly\u015fyny\u0148 ugurlary k\u00f6p sanly we k\u00f6p ugurly d\u00e4ldi. Orta asyrlarda mali\u00fde meseleleri bo\u00fdun\u00e7a t\u00e4ze ulgamla\u00fdyn ylmy \u00e7emele\u015fmeler i\u015flenilip d\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00e4ndi. \u015ee\u00fdle hem bolsa-da, hut orta asyry\u0148 ahyrlary alymlary\u0148 aglabasy tarapyndan mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 ylmy ta\u00fddan i\u015flenilip d\u00fcz\u00fcli\u015fine ge\u00e7ili\u015fini\u0148 ikinji d\u00f6wr\u00fcni\u0148 ba\u015flan d\u00f6wr\u00fcne degi\u015fli edil\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Le\u00fdli A\u015fyrowa,<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkmen d\u00f6wlet ykdysady\u00fdet we<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n dolandyry\u015f institutyny\u0148 mugallymy.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mali\u00fde baradaky ylmy\u0148 \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7yky\u015fyny we \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fini iki iri tapgyra b\u00f6l\u00fcp a\u00fdyrmak bol\u00fdar. Rim imperi\u00fdasy d\u00f6wr\u00fcnde ba\u015flap, XX asyry\u0148 ahyrlarynda tamamlanylan ilkinji tapgyr mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 nusgawy nazary\u00fdeti di\u00fdlip atlandyryl\u00fdan nazary be\u00fdanynda \u00f6z mazmunyny tapdy. Mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 nusgawy nazary\u00fdetini\u0148 ornuny mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 t\u00e4ze nusgawy nazary\u00fdetini\u0148 logikasyny alamatlandyr\u00fdan ikinji tapgyr tutdy. Mali\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 nusgawy nazary\u00fdetini\u0148 mazmuny mali\u00fde gatna\u015fyklarynda d\u00f6wleti\u0148 \u00fdokary orun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13306,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13305"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13305"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13307,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13305\/revisions\/13307"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}