Ge\u00e7en asyry\u0148 90-njy \u00fdyllarynda Interneti\u0148 g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7li \u00f6s\u00fcp ba\u015flamagy pullary\u0148 t\u00e4ze g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fini\u0148 d\u00f6remegine seb\u00e4p boldy. Her bir adamy\u0148 oturan \u00fderinden komp\u00fduterden \u00fda-da ykjam el telefonlaryndan islendik harytlaryny satyn almana islegleri\u0148 artmagy harytlary\u0148 we hyzmatlary\u0148 bahasyny uzak aralykdan t\u00f6lemegi\u0148 \u00fd\u00f6neke\u00fd we amatly usulyny talap etdi.<\/p>\n
1994-nji \u00fdyldan so\u0148ra elektron nagt pullary\u0148 atasy di\u00fdip atlandyrylan Jid \u00c7aum Digi Cash ulgamyny\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerinde ilkinji elektron pullary \u00e7ykaryp ba\u015flady. Elektron t\u00f6leg ulgamlary Internet ulgamynda t\u00f6leg amallaryny \u00fcpj\u00fcn etmek \u00fc\u00e7in ni\u00fdetlenendir. \u015eu pullary\u0148 k\u00f6megi bilen domeni\u0148 \u00fda-da sa\u00fdt \u00fc\u00e7in hostingi\u0148, jemagat hyzmatlaryny\u0148, ykjam aragatna\u015fygy\u0148, kabel we hemra tele\u00fda\u00fdlymyny\u0148 t\u00f6legini t\u00f6l\u00e4p, elektron d\u00fckanda satyn alnan harytlar, t\u00e4jir\u00e7ilik Web-sa\u00fdtlary tarapyndan edil\u00fd\u00e4n d\u00fcrli t\u00f6legli hyzmatlar \u00fc\u00e7in t\u00f6leg ge\u00e7irip we be\u00fdleki birn\u00e4\u00e7e i\u015fleri \u00fderine \u00fdetirip bol\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Nagt pullara garany\u0148da elektron pullary\u0148 durmu\u015fyzda d\u00f6red\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fde\u0148illikleri:<\/p>\n
Pullary\u0148 \u00e7alt ge\u00e7megi (pul ge\u00e7irmek birn\u00e4\u00e7e sekundy al\u00fdar);<\/p>\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcniji bol\u00fdar \u2013 elektron pullary\u0148 m\u00f6\u00e7beri hi\u00e7 bir kyn\u00e7ylyksyz ownuk b\u00f6lekleri\u0148 islendik mukdaryna b\u00f6l\u00fcnip bilner;<\/p>\n
Elektron pullary\u0148 emissi\u00fdasyny\u0148 gymmaty \u00f6r\u00e4n pes \u2013 metal pullary (\u015fa\u00fdy pul) \u00fdasamak we kagyz pullary \u00e7ap etmek, metaly, kagyzy we re\u0148kleri we \u015f.m. pe\u00fddalanmak gerek bolma\u00fdar;<\/p>\n
Banklary\u0148 komissi\u00fdasyna (hyzmat hakyna) de\u0148e\u00e7er bolan k\u00f6p bolmadyk komissi\u00fda;<\/p>\n
Anonimlik (\u00e4hli t\u00f6leg ulgamlarynda hereket etme\u00fd\u00e4r);<\/p>\n
Howpsuzlyk \u2013 ogurlanmadan, galp \u00fdasalmadan, nominaly\u0148 \u00fc\u00fdtgedilmeginden we \u015f.m. goral\u00fdar, kriptografik we elektron seri\u015fdeler bilen \u00fcpj\u00fcn edil\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
H\u00e4zirki zaman ykdysady\u00fdetinde elektron pullary\u0148 iki esasy, \u00fdagny smart kartlary\u0148 (card-based) we torlary\u0148 (network-based) bin\u00fdadyndaky elektron pullary g\u00f6rkezip bolar.<\/p>\n
Plastik kartlar \u2013 bu harytlary\u0148 we hyzmatlary\u0148 t\u00f6legini amala a\u015fyrmaga, \u015fe\u00fdle hem eli\u0148e nagt pullary almaga m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik ber\u00fd\u00e4n t\u00f6leg guralydyr. Plastik kartlary\u0148 arasynda debet kartlary (karty\u0148 sakla\u00fdjysy \u00f6\u0148\u00fcnden karty\u0148 hasabyna pul seri\u015fdelerini\u0148 belli bir m\u00f6\u00e7berini ge\u00e7ir\u00fd\u00e4r we hasapla\u015fyklary alyp bar\u00fdar \u00fda-da ge\u00e7irilen m\u00f6\u00e7beri\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerinde puly sakla\u00fdar) we karz kartlary (karty\u0148 sakla\u00fdjysy kartdaky \u00e7\u00e4klendirilen pul m\u00f6\u00e7berini\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerinde amallary ge\u00e7ir\u00fd\u00e4r, \u015funda ol bu pul m\u00f6\u00e7berini\u0148 \u00f6wezini \u015fertnamada kesgitlenen m\u00f6hletde karty\u0148 emitentine dolmaga bor\u00e7ludyr) tapawutlandyr\u00fdarlar.<\/p>\n
H\u00e4zirki wagtda bank d\u00e4l guramalar tarapyndan \u00e7ykarylan we t\u00f6leg amallaryny amala a\u015fyrmaga m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik ber\u00fd\u00e4n smart kartlar \u00fdeterlik derejede gi\u0148den \u00fda\u00fdrandyr. Olar telefon, ulag, saglygy gora\u00fdy\u015f we be\u00fdleki kartlardyr. Emma olary\u0148 k\u00f6p\u00fcsi bir maksatly, \u00fdagny di\u0148e bir kompani\u00fdany\u0148 pe\u00fddasyna hyzmatlary\u0148 (harytlary\u0148) t\u00f6legini ge\u00e7irm\u00e4ge m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik ber\u00fd\u00e4n kartlar bolup dur\u00fdar. Mysal \u00fc\u00e7in, d\u00fckanlarda be\u00fdleki kompani\u00fdalary\u0148 harytlary we hyzmatlary \u00fc\u00e7in telefon karto\u00e7kasy \u00fda-da \u015f\u00e4her ulaglary karto\u00e7kasy bilen hasapla\u015fyk ge\u00e7irmek m\u00fcmkin\u00e7iligi pe\u00fdda bolan mahalynda \u015fu t\u00f6leg guraly elektron pullary\u0148 derejesine ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Elektron pullary\u0148 hereket etmegi t\u00e4ze elektron t\u00f6leg ulgamlaryny\u0148 k\u00f6megi bilen amala a\u015fyryl\u00fdar, olar d\u00fcrli sarp edijileri\u0148 we s\u00f6wda nokatlaryny\u0148 arasynda elektron gymmaty\u0148 ge\u00e7irilmegini m\u00fcmkin ed\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Guwanjow Ylham,<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ge\u00e7en asyry\u0148 90-njy \u00fdyllarynda Interneti\u0148 g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7li \u00f6s\u00fcp ba\u015flamagy pullary\u0148 t\u00e4ze g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fini\u0148 d\u00f6remegine seb\u00e4p boldy. Her bir adamy\u0148 oturan \u00fderinden komp\u00fduterden \u00fda-da ykjam el telefonlaryndan islendik harytlaryny satyn almana islegleri\u0148 artmagy harytlary\u0148 we hyzmatlary\u0148 bahasyny uzak aralykdan t\u00f6lemegi\u0148 \u00fd\u00f6neke\u00fd we amatly usulyny talap etdi. 1994-nji \u00fdyldan so\u0148ra elektron nagt pullary\u0148 atasy di\u00fdip atlandyrylan Jid \u00c7aum Digi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16570"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16570"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23735,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16570\/revisions\/23735"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nD\u00f6wletm\u00e4mmet Azady adyndaky T\u00fcrkmen milli d\u00fcny\u00e4 dilleri institutyny\u0148\u00a0 talyby.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n