B\u00fctind\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 nebitgaz tejribesinden belli bol\u015fy \u00fdaly, \u00e7ig nebiti\u0148 \u00fderasty ba\u00fdlyk h\u00f6km\u00fcnde emele gel\u015fi k\u00f6ptapgyrly, gaty \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly we uzak d\u00f6w\u00fcrli himiki hadysalary \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdar hem-de d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 alymlary bu \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly himiki \u00f6wr\u00fcli\u015fikleri\u0148 in\u00e7e syrlaryny \u015fu g\u00fcne \u00e7enli i\u00e7gin \u00f6wren\u00fd\u00e4rler. \u015eol seb\u00e4pli, \u015fu g\u00fcne \u00e7enli \u00e7ig nebiti\u0148 we gazy\u0148 emele gel\u015fi bo\u00fdun\u00e7a anyk kesgitlem\u00e4ni\u0148, doly derejede subut edilen \u00fdeke-t\u00e4k \u00e7\u00f6zg\u00fcdi\u0148 \u00fdokdugyny bellemek gerek.<\/p>\n
\u00dderi\u0148 j\u00fcmm\u00fc\u015finde emele gelen uglewodorodlar t\u00f6weregi syzdyryjylygy d\u00fc\u00fdb\u00fcnden \u00fdok di\u00fden \u00fdaly gaty maddalardan d\u00fcz\u00fclen (lowu\u015fka) \u00fderlerde \u00f6z so\u0148ky \u00fdatagyny tap\u00fdan\u00e7a hereketde bol\u00fdar. \u015eol \u00fderlerde uglewodorodlary\u0148 \u00fdygnanmasy bolup ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4r we \u015fe\u00fdlelikde k\u00e4n d\u00f6re\u00fd\u00e4r. \u00ddygnanan uglewodorodlar mukdarlaryna we g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015flerine g\u00f6r\u00e4 nebitli, nebitgazly, nebitgazkondensatly, gazly, gazkondensatly k\u00e4nler d\u00f6re\u00fd\u00e4r. Tebigy \u015fertlerde bir k\u00e4nde di\u0148e suwuk we di\u0148e gaz g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fli \u00fda-da ikisini\u0148 bilelikd\u00e4ki gorlaryny\u0148 bolmagy m\u00fcmkin. Bir k\u00e4nde iki g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fli uglewodorodlary\u0148 senagat derejesind\u00e4ki gorlary bar \u00fdagda\u00fdynda, adaty bol\u015fy \u00fdaly grawitasi\u00fda segregasi\u00fdasy (dykyzlygy we udel agramy) esasynda gaz \u00fdatagy\u0148 \u00fdokarky b\u00f6legini, nebit bolsa ondan a\u015faky b\u00f6legini e\u00fdele\u00fd\u00e4r. Olary\u0148 arasynda gaz-nebit galta\u015fmasy, \u00fdagny \u00e7\u00e4gi bol\u00fdar we olar i\u015flenip ge\u00e7ilende tebigy \u00fdagda\u00fdda biri-birini\u0148 \u00e7ykaryly\u015fyna hem-de senagat derejesind\u00e4ki gorlaryny \u00fdokary derejede \u00f6zle\u015fdirm\u00e4ge p\u00e4sgel bermezlik \u015ferti \u00fdagny \u00fdatagy\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4ginde gazy\u0148 nebitli we nebiti\u0148 gazly \u00e7\u00e4gine uly m\u00f6\u00e7berde akyp ge\u00e7megine \u00fdol bermezlik bolup dur\u00fdar. \u015ee\u00fdle k\u00e4nleri\u0148 i\u015flenip ge\u00e7ili\u015fini\u0148 \u00e4hmi\u00fdetliligini has \u00fdokarlandyrmak \u00fc\u00e7in esasy maksat, olary\u0148 biri-birine etjek negatiw t\u00e4sirini azaltmak bolup dur\u00fdar. Tebigy \u015fertlerde bu k\u00e4nleri\u0148 \u00fderle\u015fi\u015fi bo\u00fdun\u00e7a a\u015fagynda \u00fda-da t\u00f6wereginde d\u00fcrli m\u00f6\u00e7berde gatlak suwlary hem bolup biler. H\u00e4zirki wagtda d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 tejribesinde nebitli we gazly hem-de bilelikd\u00e4ki k\u00e4nleri has \u00e4hmi\u00fdetli \u015fertlerde i\u015fl\u00e4p ge\u00e7mek bo\u00fdun\u00e7a k\u00f6p g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fli usullary\u0148 bardygyny bellemeli.<\/p>\n
Nebitli k\u00e4nleri\u0148 \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklary d\u00fcrli \u00e7u\u0148luklarda bolup biler. T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 gury \u00fderde \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4n we h\u00e4zirki wagtda i\u015flenip ge\u00e7il\u00fd\u00e4n nebitli k\u00e4nlerini\u0148 \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklary takmynan 1000-4000 metr aralygyndaky \u00e7u\u0148luklarda \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 nebitli k\u00e4nlerini\u0148 \u00f6zbolu\u015fly a\u00fdratynlyklaryny\u0148 biri \u2013 olary\u0148 \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly geologiki gurlu\u015fy we k\u00f6p gatlaklylygy bolup dur\u00fdar. \u015ee\u00fdle k\u00e4nlerde esasan a\u015fakdan \u00fdokarlygyna, \u00fdagny ilki bilen i\u0148 a\u015faky gatlaklar we so\u0148ra \u00fdokarky gatlaklar i\u015flenip ge\u00e7il\u00fd\u00e4r. H\u00e4zirki wagtda iki we ondan-da k\u00f6p gatlaklary bilelikde \u00fda-da a\u00fdratynlykda i\u015fl\u00e4p ge\u00e7meklige m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik d\u00f6redip bil\u00fd\u00e4n usullary\u0148 bardygyny bellemek bolar.<\/p>\n
Nbitli k\u00e4nler \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklary\u0148 tebigy energi\u00fdasyndan pe\u00fddalanmak we da\u015fyndan goldaw bermek, \u00fdagny emeli \u00fdagda\u00fdda suw, gaz we olary\u0148 bilelikd\u00e4ki hem-de baglany\u015fykly k\u00f6pd\u00fcrli komponentlerini \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaga \u00fdokary basy\u015fda go\u00fdberip, gatlak basy\u015fyny goldamak arkaly i\u015flenip ge\u00e7il\u00fd\u00e4r. Gatlak basy\u015fyny suw go\u00fdberip goldamak usuly T\u00fcrkmenistanda Gumdag, Goturdepe, Barsagelmez we \u00dda\u015fyldepe k\u00e4nlerinde yzygiderli we uzak m\u00f6hletli d\u00e4l \u00fdagda\u00fdda ulanylandygyny bellemek gerek.<\/p>\n
Nebitli k\u00e4nleri\u0148 \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklary tebigy \u015fertlerde, \u00fdagny di\u0148e gatlaklary\u0148 tebigy energi\u00fdalaryny (g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7leri) ulanmak \u015fertlerinde i\u015flenip ge\u00e7ilende, nebiti\u0148 gatlaklardan ulany\u015f gu\u00fdulary\u0148 d\u00fc\u00fdp\u00fdan zolagyna akyp (s\u00fc\u00fd\u015f\u00fcp) gelmegine esasan gatlak suwlary, maddalary\u0148 gysylmagy, gatlakdaky (tebigy gaz we nebit) gazlary\u0148 basy\u015fy hem-de grawitasi\u00fda segregasi\u00fdasyny\u0148 esasynda d\u00f6re\u00fd\u00e4n g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7ler (re\u017eimler) t\u00e4sir ed\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu re\u017eimleri\u0148 arasynda i\u0148 \u00e4hmi\u00fdetlisi \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlagy gur\u015fa\u00fdan \u00f6r\u00e4n g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7li gatlak suwlaryny\u0148 ulgamyny\u0148 basy\u015fy esasynda emele gel\u00fd\u00e4n g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7 (energi\u00fda) hasaplan\u00fdar. Nebitgaz tejribesine la\u00fdyklykda, bu energi\u00fdany\u0148 hasabyna k\u00f6p halatlarda \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlakda bar bolan senagat derejesind\u00e4ki geologiki nebit goruny\u0148 takmynan 50-70 g\u00f6terime \u00e7enlisini, a\u00fdratyn o\u0148a\u00fdly \u00fdagda\u00fdlarda 80 g\u00f6terime \u00e7enlisini \u00e7ykaryp almaga m\u00fcmkin\u00e7iligi\u0148 d\u00f6re\u00fd\u00e4ndigini bellemek bolar. Bu energi\u00fdalary\u0148 i\u0148 pes derejed\u00e4kisi h\u00f6km\u00fcnde \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlagy\u0148 \u015fertlerinde \u00e7ig nebiti\u0148 d\u00fcz\u00fcminden b\u00f6l\u00fcnip \u00e7yk\u00fdan nebit \u00fda-da ugurda\u015f gazlary\u0148 basy\u015fyny\u0148 netijesinde d\u00f6re\u00fd\u00e4n energi\u00fda hasaplan\u00fdar. Bu energi\u00fda \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlakda \u00e7ig nebiti herekete getir\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fdeke-t\u00e4k g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7 bolan \u00fdagda\u00fdynda, \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlakda bar bolan senagat derejesind\u00e4ki geologiki nebit goruny\u0148 takmynan 15-20 g\u00f6terime \u00e7enlisini, a\u00fdratyn o\u0148a\u00fdly \u015fertlerde 30 g\u00f6terime \u00e7enlisini \u00e7ykaryp almaga m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik d\u00f6re\u00fd\u00e4r di\u00fdip hasaplan\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Tebigy \u015fertlerde, \u00fdagny \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklary\u0148 tebigy \u00fdagda\u00fdlarynda, juda o\u0148a\u00fdly \u015fertleri\u0148 \u00f6r\u00e4n se\u00fdrek gabat gel\u00fd\u00e4ndigini bellemek gerek. Hakykatda, \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklary\u0148 geologiki-fiziki \u015fertleri \u00f6r\u00e4n \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly bol\u00fdar. Esasan \u015fu we ga\u00fdry seb\u00e4plere g\u00f6r\u00e4, \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklar has pes depginde \u00fda-da nebit-gaz we nebit-suw galta\u015fmalaryny\u0148 hereketleri doly derejede g\u00f6zeg\u00e7ilikde saklanylman hem-de sazlanylman i\u015flenip ge\u00e7ilende gatlaklary\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerinde pes derejede \u00f6zle\u015fdiril\u00fd\u00e4n zolaklary\u0148 d\u00f6remegi gaty \u00e4htimal hem-de \u015fol zolaklary\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerinde gatlagy\u0148 geologiki-fiziki \u015fertleri bilen baglylykda \u00e7ig nebiti\u0148 belli bir m\u00f6\u00e7berini\u0148 \u00abadajyklar\u00bb g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015finde b\u00f6l\u00fcnip galmagy m\u00fcmkin. Bu adajyklary\u0148 m\u00f6\u00e7beri (\u00f6l\u00e7egi) \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlakda bar bolan senagat derejesind\u00e4ki nebit gorlaryny\u0148 mukdaryna, \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlagy\u0148 geologiki-fiziki \u015fertlerine, \u00e7ig nebiti\u0148 fiziki-himiki h\u00e4si\u00fdetine, gatlagy\u0148 i\u015flenip ge\u00e7ili\u015f depginine we k\u00e4bir ga\u00fdry \u015fertlere bagly bolup biler. Nebit tejribesinde \u015fe\u00fdle gorlara esasan \u00ab\u00e7ykarmasy kyn\u00bb gorlar di\u00fdil\u00fd\u00e4r. Kynlygyny\u0148 esasy seb\u00e4plerini\u0148 biri \u2013 ilki ba\u015fda olary\u0148 \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklarda b\u00f6l\u00fcnip gal\u00fdan anyk \u00fderlerini we m\u00f6\u00e7berini kesgitlemek bolup dur\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6n\u00fcmli gatlaklary\u0148 \u00fdokarda agzalan \u015fertlerini \u00f6wrenmek \u00fc\u00e7in, adaty bol\u015fy \u00fdaly, her bir \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlagy\u0148 i\u015flenip ge\u00e7ili\u015f kartasy, \u015fol sanda ulany\u015f gu\u00fdulary bo\u00fdun\u00e7a \u00e7ig nebiti\u0148 her g\u00fcnde we umumy \u00e7ykarylan m\u00f6\u00e7berlerini\u0148, \u00f6n\u00fcmi\u0148 suwlanmasyny\u0148, nebit-gaz, nebit-suw galta\u015fmalaryny\u0148 \u00fderle\u015fi\u015fini\u0148 hem-de \u015fu hadysalar we senagat derejesind\u00e4ki gorlary\u0148 \u00f6zle\u015fdirili\u015fi bilen baglylykda gatlak basy\u015fyny\u0148 \u00fc\u00fdtge\u00fd\u015fini\u0148 we be\u00fdleki zerur gerek maglumatlar bo\u00fdun\u00e7a yzygiderli \u00fd\u00f6rite kartalar gurlup durul\u00fdar. Bu kartalar esasynda alyn\u00fdan maglumatlar bilen \u00f6n\u00fcmi\u0148 \u00e7ykaryly\u015fy baradaky hakyky resmi maglumatlary seljermek bo\u00fdun\u00e7a her bir \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlagy\u0148 nebit gorlaryny\u0148 \u00f6zle\u015fdirili\u015fi we umumy i\u015flenip ge\u00e7ili\u015fi baradaky anyk tebigy \u015fertler kesgitlen\u00fd\u00e4r. H\u00e4zirki wagtda \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklary\u0148 i\u015flenip ge\u00e7ili\u015fi we olarda bar bolan senagat derejesind\u00e4ki nebit gorlaryny\u0148 \u00f6zle\u015fdirili\u015fi baradaky maglumatlar h\u00e4zirki zaman geologiki we gidrodinamiki modeller arkaly hakykata has gola\u00fd \u015fertlerde \u00f6wrenil\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
\u015ee\u00fdle \u00e7\u00e4reler arkaly \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklary\u0148 umumy \u00fdagda\u00fdy, \u015fol sanda gatlagy\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerind\u00e4ki nebit do\u00fdgunlygyny\u0148 derejesi anyk we doly derejede \u00f6wrenilen \u015fertlerde, b\u00fctind\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 tejribesinde ulanyly\u015fy \u00fdaly \u00fda-da me\u0148ze\u015fr\u00e4k we g\u00f6z \u00f6\u0148\u00fcne getirip boljak sada de\u0148e\u015fdirme edilende, \u00fdagny da\u00fdhanlar tarapyndan \u00fderi\u0148 gy\u015fky tapla\u00fdy\u015f \u015f\u00fcd\u00fcg\u00e4r suwy berlende, bu i\u015fi\u0148 netijeliligini has \u00fdokarlandyrmak \u00fc\u00e7in suwu\u0148 barma\u00fdan \u00fderleri kesgitlenip, tekizlenip \u00fda-da \u015fol \u00fderlere suwu\u0148 akyp bar\u015fyny\u0148 depginini\u0148 g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7lendirili\u015fi \u00fdaly, \u00fderi\u0148 j\u00fcmm\u00fc\u015find\u00e4ki \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklary\u0148 pesr\u00e4k i\u015flenip ge\u00e7il\u00fd\u00e4n zolaklaryna gatlak suwlary \u00fda-da \u00fdokardan emeli \u00fdagda\u00fdda gatlaga go\u00fdberil\u00fd\u00e4n suwlar arkaly \u015fol hereket pesr\u00e4k \u00fda-da d\u00fc\u00fdb\u00fcnden hereketsiz zolaklardaky \u00e7ig nebiti herekete getirmek i\u015flerini sazlap, ba\u015fga\u00e7a a\u00fddylanda nebiti\u0148 ulany\u015f gu\u00fdularyny\u0148 d\u00fc\u00fdp\u00fdan zolagyna p\u00e4sgel\u00e7iliksiz akyp gelmegine doly derejede \u015fert d\u00f6redip, k\u00e4nden \u00e7ykaryl\u00fdan \u00e7ig nebiti\u0148 m\u00f6\u00e7berini k\u00f6peltm\u00e4ge, \u015fol sanda \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklarda bar bolan senagat derejesind\u00e4ki nebit gorlaryny\u0148 \u00f6zle\u015fdirili\u015fini\u0148 \u00e4hmi\u00fdetliligini has \u00fdokarlandyrmaga m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik d\u00f6redip boljakdygyny bellemek bolar. \u015ee\u00fdlelikde, her bir nebitli k\u00e4ni\u0148 \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklarynda bar bolan senagat derejesind\u00e4ki nebit gorlaryny\u0148 \u00f6zle\u015fdirili\u015fini m\u00fcmkin boldugy\u00e7a i\u0148 \u00fdokary derej\u00e4 \u00fdetirmek maksady bilen, olary\u0148 i\u015flenip ge\u00e7ili\u015fini \u00fdokarda agzalan \u00e7\u00e4reler arkaly elmydama g\u00f6zeg\u00e7ilikde saklap, gerek \u00fderinde bu prosesi sazlap durmaklyk i\u0148 m\u00f6h\u00fcm \u015fertleri\u0148 biri bolup dur\u00fdandygyny bellemek gerek.<\/p>\n
\u00ddokarda agzalanlar bilen baglylykda, nebitli gatlaklar i\u015flenip ge\u00e7ilende \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklary\u0148 ahyrky nebit berijilik g\u00f6rkezijisini\u0148 i\u0148 \u00fdokary derejesine \u00fdetmek, \u00fdagny gatlagy i\u0148 b\u00e4hbitli derejede \u00f6zle\u015fdirmek \u00fc\u00e7in, \u00e7ig nebiti gatlak \u015fertlerinde gidrodinamiki kanunlara la\u00fdyklykda, talap edil\u00fd\u00e4n tizlikd\u00e4ki herekete getirmek \u00fc\u00e7in o\u0148a\u00fdly energetiki \u015fertleri ulanmaklyk we bar bolan nebit-gaz hem-de nebit-suw galta\u015fmalaryny\u0148 gatlak bo\u00fdun\u00e7a gyrade\u0148 s\u00fc\u00fd\u015fme hereketini gazanmaklyk talap edil\u00fd\u00e4r. Nebitli k\u00e4nleri\u0148 i\u015flenip ge\u00e7ili\u015f tejribesine salgylanylsa, tebigy energetiki \u015fertleri\u0148 pes bolan \u00fdagda\u00fdlarynda, \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklara emeli \u00fdagda\u00fdda \u00fdokary basy\u015fda suw go\u00fdbermek usuly arkaly \u00fdokary netijeleri\u0148 gazanyl\u00fdandygyny bellemek bolar. Bu usuly \u00f6n\u00fcmli gatlaklarda bar bolan senagat derejesind\u00e4ki nebit gorlaryny\u0148 \u00fdeterlikli derejed\u00e4ki m\u00f6\u00e7berine la\u00fdyklykda, k\u00e4nleri i\u015fl\u00e4p ge\u00e7megi\u0148 her bir tapgyrynda-da ulanmaklyk pe\u00fddaly hasaplan\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Atajan ERI\u015eOW, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00ddag\u015fygeldi Kaka\u00fdew adyndaky Halkara nebit we gaz uniwersitetini\u0148 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Energetika we in\u017eener\u00e7ilik desgalary fakultetini\u0148 3-nji NGDSG h\u00fcn\u00e4rini\u0148 talyby. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" B\u00fctind\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 nebitgaz tejribesinden belli bol\u015fy \u00fdaly, \u00e7ig nebiti\u0148 \u00fderasty ba\u00fdlyk h\u00f6km\u00fcnde emele gel\u015fi k\u00f6ptapgyrly, gaty \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly we uzak d\u00f6w\u00fcrli himiki hadysalary \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdar hem-de d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 alymlary bu \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly himiki \u00f6wr\u00fcli\u015fikleri\u0148 in\u00e7e syrlaryny \u015fu g\u00fcne \u00e7enli i\u00e7gin \u00f6wren\u00fd\u00e4rler. \u015eol seb\u00e4pli, \u015fu g\u00fcne \u00e7enli \u00e7ig nebiti\u0148 we gazy\u0148 emele gel\u015fi bo\u00fdun\u00e7a anyk kesgitlem\u00e4ni\u0148, doly derejede subut […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16590"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16590"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16592,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16590\/revisions\/16592"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}