Paryzdepe B\u00fczme\u00fdin \u015f\u00e4herinden 6 km g\u00fcnorta-g\u00fcnbatarda, dag etek zolagynda \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu \u00fderde bar bolan k\u00fc\u00fdze bolekleri, keramika \u00f6n\u00fcmleri, d\u00fcrli gap-ga\u00e7lary\u0148, bi\u015fen kerpi\u00e7leri\u0148 galyndylary bu mekanda gadymy d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerden ba\u015flap, \u00f6sen ekeran\u00e7ylygy\u0148, senetk\u00e4r\u00e7iligi\u0148 hem-de meden\u00fdeti\u0148 uzak taryhy d\u00f6w\u00fcrlere \u00e7enli dowam edendiginden habar ber\u00fd\u00e4r. Paryzdepede ge\u00e7irilen gazuw i\u015flerini\u0148 dowamynda gurlu\u015fyk gatlagyndan has irki d\u00f6w\u00fcrlere, mis-da\u015f zamanlaryna degi\u015fli bolan \u00e7akmakda\u015fdan \u00fdasalan z\u00e4hmet gurallary\u0148, \u00fdaraglary\u0148, adaty da\u015flardan \u00fdasalan gapyda\u015flary\u0148, sokyda\u015flary\u0148, degirmen da\u015flaryny\u0148, g\u00f6jekleri\u0148 tapylmagy bilen gyzyklydyr. Bu tapyndylar \u00fdokarky gatlagy\u0148 binalary gurlanda ulanylan \u00e7ig kerpi\u00e7leri\u0148 dep\u00e4ni\u0148 t\u00f6wereginden alnan topragyny\u0148 arasy bilen d\u00fc\u015fen bolmagy m\u00fcmkindir di\u00fden \u00e7aklamany alymlar tarapyndan orta \u00e7ykar\u00fdar. \u015eol tapyndylary\u0148 arasynda da\u015fdan \u00fdasalan gurallar, gap-ga\u00e7lar, sokylar we degirmen\u00a0 da\u015flary, ikba\u015flar \u2013 da\u015f i\u015fl\u00e4p bejermek sungatyny\u0148 ilkinji usullaryny \u00e4\u015fg\u00e4r ed\u00fd\u00e4r we gliptika sungatyny\u0148 gadymy alamatlaryny \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykar\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Sungat nazary\u00fdetinde da\u015flary \u00e7eper i\u015fl\u00e4p bejermek sungatyna \u2013 gliptika di\u00fdil\u00fd\u00e4r. Gliptika \u2013 bu grekleri\u0148 \u201cgl\u044dpho\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcnden gelip \u00e7ykmak bilen kes\u00fd\u00e4rin, k\u00f6w\u00fd\u00e4rin di\u00fden manyny a\u0148lad\u00fdar. Bu sungat \u00fdarym gymmatbaha \u00fda-da gymmatbaha da\u015flary i\u015flemeklik bilen baglan\u015fykly bolup, ol amaly-ha\u015fam sungatyny\u0148 nepis g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015flerini\u0148 biri bolup dur\u00fdar. Da\u015flary\u0148 kesilip bezelen g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015flerine gemmalar di\u00fdil\u00fd\u00e4r. Gemmalara gymmatbaha we \u00fdarym gymmatbaha da\u015flardan \u00fdasalan \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fckler, g\u00fcl\u00fdakalar, bo\u00fdna dakyl\u00fdan monjuklar, tumarlar degi\u015flidir. Tumarlary\u0148 k\u00e4birleri m\u00f6h\u00fcr hem-de bezeg \u00fc\u00e7in ulanylyp, basma tarapy k\u00f6p \u015fekilli durmu\u015fy we rowa\u00fdat taslamalary bilen bezelipdir. \u015eekilli taslamalar iki g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fli bezeg usulynda \u00fderine \u00fdetirilipdir. \u015eekiilleri da\u015fyna d\u00fcber\u00e7ek g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015finde edilip bezelenlerine \u2013 kame\u00fda usully bezegler di\u00fdlip atlandyrylyp, olar k\u00f6p gatlakly oniks, sardoniks, agat da\u015flaryndan kesilip timarlanypdyr.<\/p>\n
Da\u015flary\u0148 \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fcne \u015fekilleri i\u00e7ine \u00e7u\u0148aldylyp \u00e7ekilen bezeg usulyna \u2013 intali\u00fda bezegi di\u00fdil\u00fd\u00e4r. Intali\u00fda bezegi \u00fc\u00e7in bir re\u0148kli gyzyl hakyk, melew\u015fe ametist da\u015flary ulanylypdyr. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fde bizi\u0148 e\u00fd\u00fdamymyzdan \u00f6\u0148ki IV m\u00fc\u0148\u00fdyllykda Gadymy Mesopotami\u00fdada g\u00fcber\u00e7ek we i\u00e7ine \u00e7u\u0148aldylan bezegli turba \u015fekilli\u00a0 m\u00f6h\u00fcrleri halsedon, dag hrustaly, lazurit \u00fdaly da\u015flardan \u00fdasapdyrlar. \u015eonu\u0148 \u00fdaly da\u015flardan mifologik \u015fekiller bilen s\u00fcnn\u00e4lenip bejerilen tumarlar, g\u00fcl\u00fdakalar Gadymy M\u00fcs\u00fcr, Gresi\u00fda, Itali\u00fda, Wizanti\u00fda we orta asyr \u00ddewropa d\u00f6wletlerinde du\u015f gelnen bolsa, bizi\u0148 \u00fdurdumyzy\u0148 b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00e7 asyryna degi\u015fli bolan Ulug depe, Altyndepe, Margu\u015f, antika d\u00f6wr\u00fcni\u0148 Margiana, Nusa\u00fd \u00fdaly \u00fdadyg\u00e4rliklerinden tapyl\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Paryzdepeden tapylan \u00e7akmak da\u015fyndan \u00fdasalan da\u015f \u00f6n\u00fcmleri iri tyglardan, u\u00e7landyrylyp \u00fditeldilen da\u015f gurallaryndan ybarat bolupdyr. Olar \u00f6s\u00fcmlikleri\u0148 k\u00f6k\u00fcni k\u00f6wmek, miweleri \u00e7irtmek \u00fda-da ha\u00fdwanlary\u0148 etini b\u00f6leklere b\u00f6lmek, derisini so\u00fdmak, hamyny gazamak \u00fc\u00e7in ni\u00fdetlenilenilipdir. Bulardan ba\u015fga-da bu \u00fderde gaty da\u015flardan \u00fdonulyp \u00fdasalan sokylar, togalak we s\u00fc\u00fdnmek da\u015flardan edilen d\u00e4ne owgu\u00e7lar hem-de tekerler hem tapylypdyr. Bizi\u0148 e\u00fd\u00fdamymyzdan \u00f6\u0148ki VII-V m\u00fc\u0148\u00fdyllyga, \u00fdagny t\u00e4ze da\u015f asyry d\u00f6wr\u00fcne degi\u015fli bolan bu da\u015flar Paryzdepe bilen go\u0148\u015fu\u00e7ylykda \u00fderle\u015fen Je\u00fdtun, \u00c7opandepe, Pessejikdepe, Akdepe, Da\u015flydepe \u00fdaly obalardan getirilendir di\u00fden \u00e7aklamany \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykar\u00fdar. Hojalyk we ykdysady durmu\u015f gatna\u015fyklary mis-da\u015f we b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00e7 asyrlary zamanlarynda-da \u00f6sd\u00fcrilipdir. Gadymy\u00fdetde adamlar \u00e7akmak da\u015fyny k\u00f6p ulanyp, olary sadaja we \u00fd\u00f6neke\u00fd g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fde timarlapdyrlar. So\u0148ra en\u00e7eme \u00fdyllary\u0148 ge\u00e7megi bilen adamlar da\u015f gurallaryny \u00fdasamaga \u00f6kdele\u015fip, da\u015flary\u0148 iki tarapyny \u00fdonmak we \u00fditilemek usulyny o\u00fdlap tapypdyrlar. \u00ddonulan da\u015flary bolsa kesmek, s\u00fcn\u00e7mek \u00fc\u00e7in pe\u00fddalanypdyrlar. Da\u015f bilen i\u015flemegi\u0148 usullary wagty\u0148 ge\u00e7megi bilen has-da k\u00e4mille\u015fipdir. Je\u00fdtun medeni\u00fdeti d\u00f6wr\u00fcnde adamlar d\u00fcrli da\u015flardan oraklary, k\u00e4tmenleri, sokulary, d\u00e4ne owgu\u00e7lary \u00fdasamagy ba\u015farypdyrlar. \u015eol d\u00f6w\u00fcrde adamlar gerek bolan gurallaryny we esbaplaryny \u00fdasamak \u00fc\u00e7in plita da\u015flaryny, da\u015flary\u0148 digir\u00e7ek g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015flerini, hek da\u015flaryny hem gi\u0148den pe\u00fddalanypdyrlar. Gurallary \u00fdasamak \u00fc\u00e7in, esasan nokatlap urma we tara\u015flama usulyny o\u00fdlap tapypdyrlar. Bu usul bilen i\u015flemegi\u0148 t\u00e4rleri t\u00e4ze da\u015f asyry d\u00f6wr\u00fcnde emele gelip, t\u00e4 demir d\u00f6wr\u00fcni\u0148 ahyryna \u00e7enli g\u00fcll\u00e4p \u00f6s\u00fcpdir.<\/p>\n
Paryzdepede ylmy-barlag, g\u00f6zleg i\u015flerini\u0148 dowamynda gipsde hem-de to\u00fdundan bi\u015firilip \u00fdasalan ikba\u015flary\u0148 birn\u00e4\u00e7esi tapyl\u00fdar. Ikba\u015flary\u0148 tapylmagy ol \u00fderde dokma\u00e7ylygy\u0148 bolanlygyndan habar ber\u00fd\u00e4r. Ikba\u015f igi\u0148 a\u015faky ujuna ge\u00fddiril\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fcsti \u00fdasy, a\u015fagy \u00e7owly, ortasy de\u015fik enjamdyr. Ol sapaga tow berlende agramlyk berip, ik gaty towlanar \u00fdaly we onda tow berlen \u00fd\u00fcpl\u00fcgi berk saklamak \u00fc\u00e7in ulanyl\u00fdar. Ikba\u015flary to\u00fdundan, da\u015fdan we s\u00fc\u0148kden \u00fdasapdyrlar. Ikba\u015flary\u0148 irki eneolit d\u00f6wr\u00fcnden orta asyrlara \u00e7enli ulanylandygyna \u00fdadyg\u00e4rliklerden tapylan ikba\u015flar \u015fa\u00fdatlyk ed\u00fd\u00e4r. K\u00e4bir alymlar ikba\u015flar ot almak \u00fd\u00fc\u0148 egirmek \u00fc\u00e7in we pul birligi h\u00f6km\u00fcnde ulanylan bolmagy m\u00fcmkin di\u00fdip \u00e7ak ed\u00fd\u00e4rler. Ikba\u015flar k\u00e4halatlarda pully hazynalary\u0148 arasynda hem du\u015f gelipdir. Da\u015fdan \u00fdasalan ikba\u015flar \u00fdasy, tegelek disk g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015finde bolupdyr. Ikba\u015flar se\u00fdrek s\u00fc\u0148kden yagdayda \u00fdasalypdyr. To\u00fdundan \u00fdasalanlary, k\u00f6plen\u00e7, \u00fdasy we bikonik g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015finde bolupdyr. Da\u015f we to\u00fdun ikba\u015flary\u0148 \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7ekilen nagy\u015flar tapawutlanypdyr, \u00fd\u00f6ne iki toparda-da g\u00f6ni hem tolkun \u00e7yzyklar, tegelek, atanak \u00e7yzyklar \u00e7ekilipdir. Ikba\u015flary\u0148 az b\u00f6legi \u00e7ukurjyklar bilen bezelip, k\u00f6p b\u00f6legi nagy\u015fsyz bolupdyr. Nagy\u015flary\u0148 manysy bo\u00fdun\u00e7a (\u00fc\u00e7bur\u00e7luklar, G\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6hleleri, g\u00f6ni we tolkun \u00e7yzyklar, atanak \u015fekiller) ikba\u015flar hasyllylyk we abadan\u00e7ylyk \u00fda-da \u00fdokarky b\u00f6leklerini\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00e4ki d\u00f6rt b\u00f6lege b\u00f6l\u00fcnen kesme \u00e7yzyklar pasyllar d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 d\u00f6rt tarapy \u00fda-da senenama (kalendar) bilen baglydyr di\u00fdip \u00e7ak edil\u00fd\u00e4r. Paryzdeped\u00e4ki ikba\u015flary\u0148 \u00fdasaly\u015f usullary adamlary\u0148 da\u015flary we to\u00fdun pal\u00e7ygy \u00e7eper i\u015fl\u00e4p bejermek usullaryna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnjelerini\u0148 bolandygyndan habar ber\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu \u00fderden tapylan to\u00fdun ikba\u015flar bikonus g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fde, gipsden \u00fdasalanlary bolsa tegelek disk g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015finde bolupdyr.<\/strong><\/p>\n Paryzdepedep\u00e4ni\u0148 da\u015f \u00fdonma sungatyny\u0148 \u00f6n\u00fcmlerini\u0148 hataryna steatit da\u015fyndan \u00fdasalan tegelek g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fli sy\u00fdadan degi\u015flidir. Bu sy\u00fdadan \u00f6z\u00fcni\u0148 \u00fdasaly\u015f usuly bo\u00fdun\u00e7a b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00e7 asyryny\u0148 \u00f6n\u00fcmine degi\u015fli bolup dur\u00fdar. Ol tegelek disk \u015fekilli bolup, agzy gi\u0148r\u00e4kden i\u00e7ine \u00e7u\u0148alyp gid\u00fd\u00e4n g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fde \u00fdasalypdyr. Sy\u00fdadany\u0148 agzyndan a\u015fakda, \u00fdagny bokurdak b\u00f6leginden a\u015faklygyna \u00fcstki a\u00fdlawy emele gelip, ol d\u00f6rt hatar tegelek hem-de \u00fdarym a\u00fdlaw \u00e7yzma \u00e7yzyklar bilen bezelendir. \u00ddarym a\u00fdlawlary\u0148 arasy dik we \u00fc\u00e7bur\u00e7 \u00e7yzyklar bilen b\u00f6l\u00fcnipdir. Steatit da\u015fyndan \u00fdasalan ba\u015fga-da birn\u00e4\u00e7e k\u00f6smetiki gutylar, gap-ga\u00e7lar, ikba\u015flar, m\u00f6h\u00fcrler, sy\u00fdadanlar gadymy Altyndepe, Margu\u015f, Nusa\u00fd, orta asyrlar Merwi\u0148 \u00fdadyg\u00e4rliklerinden\u00a0 \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykarylypdyr. \u00d6z d\u00f6wr\u00fcnde Margu\u015f ussalaryny\u0148 arasynda steatit da\u015fy \u201csabyn da\u015fy\u201d di\u00fden at bilen belli bolupdyr.<\/p>\n Paryzdep\u00e4ni\u0148 da\u015fy \u00e7eper bezemek sungatyna \u00fdarym gymmatbaha da\u015flardan \u00fdasalan \u015fekilli monjuklar hem degi\u015flidir. Olary\u0148 arasynda g\u00f6k agatdan, gyzyl go\u0148ur hakykdan, ak fa\u00fdansdan, talkohlorit da\u015flaryndan \u00fdasalan bikonus, s\u00fc\u00fdri, togolok we \u00fdaprak \u00a0\u015fekilli monjuklary g\u00f6rkezmek bolar. Bu \u015fekilli monjuklar bolsa Paryzdep\u00e4ni\u0148 da\u015f \u00fdonujylaryny\u0148 d\u00fcrli da\u015flary i\u015fl\u00e4p bejermek ussatlygyny\u0148 bolandygyny a\u0148lad\u00fdar.<\/p>\n G\u00f6wher Saparmyradowa, G\u00fcla\u00fdym \u00d6wezberdi\u00fdewa<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 D\u00f6wlet \u00e7eper\u00e7ilik akademi\u00fdasy<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Paryzdepe B\u00fczme\u00fdin \u015f\u00e4herinden 6 km g\u00fcnorta-g\u00fcnbatarda, dag etek zolagynda \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu \u00fderde bar bolan k\u00fc\u00fdze bolekleri, keramika \u00f6n\u00fcmleri, d\u00fcrli gap-ga\u00e7lary\u0148, bi\u015fen kerpi\u00e7leri\u0148 galyndylary bu mekanda gadymy d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerden ba\u015flap, \u00f6sen ekeran\u00e7ylygy\u0148, senetk\u00e4r\u00e7iligi\u0148 hem-de meden\u00fdeti\u0148 uzak taryhy d\u00f6w\u00fcrlere \u00e7enli dowam edendiginden habar ber\u00fd\u00e4r. Paryzdepede ge\u00e7irilen gazuw i\u015flerini\u0148 dowamynda gurlu\u015fyk gatlagyndan has irki d\u00f6w\u00fcrlere, mis-da\u015f zamanlaryna degi\u015fli bolan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":18858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18857"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18857"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18859,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18857\/revisions\/18859"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}