\u00abOrta asyrlar d\u00f6wr\u00fcni\u0148 medreseleri, \u015f\u00fcbhesiz, \u00ddewropany\u0148 \u00fdokary okuw mekdeplerine t\u00e4sir edipdirler. H\u00e4zirki zaman \u00ddewropa \u00fdurtlaryny\u0148 uniwersitetlerinden medreselere has gola\u00fdy Angli\u00fdany\u0148 kollejleridir. \u00dd\u00f6ne, musulman okuw mekdebini\u0148 we onu\u0148 \u00fdewropa ylmyna eden t\u00e4siri baradaky mesele henize \u00e7enli \u00f6wrenilm\u00e4ndir\u00bb di\u00fdip, W. W. Bartold mundan yla\u00fdyk bir asyr \u00f6\u0148 bell\u00e4pdir. \u015eol ge\u00e7en d\u00f6w\u00fcrden b\u00e4ri bu mesel\u00e4ni \u00f6wrenmek bo\u00fdun\u00e7a heniz hem ujyply i\u015f edilm\u00e4ndir.<\/p>\n
Medrese s\u00f6zi \u00abokuw okadyl\u00fdan \u00fder\u00bb di\u00fdmek bolup, ol darasa \u2013\u2013 \u00ab\u00f6wrenmek\u00bb i\u015fliginden gelip \u00e7ykypdyr. Medrese atly okuw mekdebini\u0148 ilkinji \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykan \u00fderi Orta Azi\u00fdany\u0148 g\u00fcnorta-g\u00fcndogarydygyny bellemek \u00f6r\u00e4n m\u00f6h\u00fcmdir. Ol bu \u00fderde buddizm dinini\u0148 wihara atly ybadathanasyny\u0148 t\u00e4siri astynda pe\u00fdda bolupdyr. Ner\u015fahini\u0148 (X asyr) \u00abBuharany\u0148 taryhy\u00bb atly eserinde ilkinji medrese \u00fdatlanyp ge\u00e7il\u00fd\u00e4r. Ol 937-nji \u00fdylda Buharada bolan uly \u00fdangynda zy\u00fdan \u00e7eken Faradjek atly adamy\u0148 medresesi bolupdyr. Bu sebitde medreseleri\u0148 sany X asyry\u0148 ahyrynda we XI asyry\u0148 ba\u015fynda k\u00f6pelipdir.<\/p>\n
Ynamdar awtorlar Abu Nasr Muhammet al Utbini\u0148 (961\u20131022 \u00fd.) we Abul Fazl Be\u00fdhakini\u0148 (996\u20131077 \u00fd.) ber\u00fd\u00e4n anyk maglumatlaryna la\u00fdyklykda XI asyry\u0148 20-nji \u00fdyllarynda Gaznewi d\u00f6wletini\u0148 di\u0148e Hutal\u00fdan wela\u00fdatynda (h\u00e4zirki T\u00e4\u00e7igistany\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerinde) 20 sany medrese i\u015fl\u00e4pdir. So\u0148ky on\u00fdyllyklary\u0148 dowamynda olary\u0148 sany artypdyr. Soltan Mahmyt Gaznalyny\u0148 permanyna la\u00fdyklykda d\u00f6wlet tarapyndan gurlan ilkinji medrese 1018-nji \u00fdyla degi\u015flidir. Ol ony Gazna \u015f\u00e4herinde bina etdiripdir. Al Utbini\u0148 ber\u00fd\u00e4n maglumatyna g\u00f6r\u00e4, bu medres\u00e4ni\u0148 binasy \u00fderden petige \u00e7enli \u00f6\u0148 \u00fda\u015fap ge\u00e7en ymamlary\u0148 (me\u015fhur alymlary\u0148) eserleri bilen doldurylypdyr. Bu eserleri ol Yragy\u0148 wela\u00fdatlaryny\u0148 kitaphanalaryny\u0148 hazynahanalaryndan olja h\u00f6km\u00fcnde alyp, \u00f6z pa\u00fdtagtyna getiripdir. Soltan Mahmydy\u0148 dogany Horasany\u0148 dikmesi yslam dinini\u0148 hanafy mezhebini\u0148 jank\u00f6\u00fderi, Nasr ibn Sebuktegin Ni\u015fapurda \u00f6z medresesini gurdurypdyr. Ol d\u00f6wr\u00fcni\u0148 aja\u00fdyp okuw mekdeplerini\u0148 biri bolupdyr.<\/p>\n
Medreseleri we olary\u0148 \u00fdanlarynda kitaphanalary gurmak d\u00e4bi Be\u00fdik Seljuklar zamanynda has hem rowa\u00e7 alypdyr. Seljuk soltanlaryny\u0148 hut \u00f6zleri bu i\u015fde g\u00f6relde g\u00f6rkezipdirler. Medreseleri\u0148 we kitaphanalary\u0148 gi\u0148 ulgamy Seljuk imperi\u00fdasyny\u0148 uly \u015f\u00e4herlerini\u0148 \u00e4hlisinde i\u015fl\u00e4pdir. Seljuklar d\u00f6wr\u00fcnde medrese atly okuw mekdebi \u00ddakyn G\u00fcndogar \u00fdurtlaryna we Demirgazyk Afrika \u00e7enli \u00fda\u00fdradylypdyr. Be\u00fdik Seljuk d\u00f6wletini\u0148 dowamaty h\u00f6km\u00fcnde XI asyry\u0148 ahyrynda Demirgazyk T\u00fcrkmenistanda \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykan we mongol \u00e7ozu\u015flaryna \u00e7enli bir \u00fdarym asyra gola\u00fd wagt dowam eden d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 derejesind\u00e4ki ikinji t\u00fcrkmen imperi\u00fdasy Be\u00fdik Anu\u015fteginleri\u0148 d\u00f6wletinde hem bu medeni ojaklar gi\u0148 gerim alypdyr. \u00ddokary derejede bilim ber\u00fd\u00e4n orta asyrlar d\u00f6wr\u00fcni\u0148 medreselerinden d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 belli be\u00fdik alymlar orta \u00e7ykypdyrlar. Olar medreseleri\u0148 gapdalyndaky kitaphanalarda saklan\u00fdan ba\u00fd hazynalardan pe\u00fddalanyp, \u00f6zlerini\u0148 \u00f6lmez-\u00fditmez eserlerini d\u00f6redip, so\u0148ky nesillere miras go\u00fdup gidipdirler.<\/p>\n
Je\u00fdhun ERKINOW,<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkmen d\u00f6wlet-binag\u00e4rlik gurlu\u015fyk institutyny\u0148<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n In\u017einer mehanika fakultetini\u0148<\/strong> talyby<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00abOrta asyrlar d\u00f6wr\u00fcni\u0148 medreseleri, \u015f\u00fcbhesiz, \u00ddewropany\u0148 \u00fdokary okuw mekdeplerine t\u00e4sir edipdirler. H\u00e4zirki zaman \u00ddewropa \u00fdurtlaryny\u0148 uniwersitetlerinden medreselere has gola\u00fdy Angli\u00fdany\u0148 kollejleridir. \u00dd\u00f6ne, musulman okuw mekdebini\u0148 we onu\u0148 \u00fdewropa ylmyna eden t\u00e4siri baradaky mesele henize \u00e7enli \u00f6wrenilm\u00e4ndir\u00bb di\u00fdip, W. W. Bartold mundan yla\u00fdyk bir asyr \u00f6\u0148 bell\u00e4pdir. \u015eol ge\u00e7en d\u00f6w\u00fcrden b\u00e4ri bu mesel\u00e4ni \u00f6wrenmek bo\u00fdun\u00e7a heniz […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":19771,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19769"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19769"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19770,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19769\/revisions\/19770"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}