H\u00e4zirki zaman Hazar de\u0148zi mundan 5-7 million \u00fdyl ozal bolan duzly suwly gadymky Pontik k\u00f6l\u00fcni\u0148 \u2013 de\u0148zini\u0148 bir b\u00f6legi hasaplan\u00fdar. Hazar de\u0148zini\u0148 uzynlygy demirgazykdan g\u00fcnorta takmynan 1200 kilometre de\u0148. Onu\u0148 ini i\u0148 gi\u0148 \u00fderinde 466 kilometre barabar. I\u0148 dar \u00fderi bolsa Ap\u015feron \u00fdarym adasynda bary-\u00fdogy 204 kilometre de\u0148. Hazary\u0148 orta\u00e7a ini g\u00fcnbatardan g\u00fcndogara 330 kilometre barabardyr. Hazar de\u0148zini\u0148 tut\u00fdan umumy me\u00fddany 372000 ined\u00f6rd\u00fcl kilometre, g\u00f6wr\u00fcmi bolsa 78,000 kub kilometre de\u0148. Onu\u0148 i\u0148 \u00e7u\u0148 \u00fderi 1025 m, orta\u00e7a \u00e7u\u0148lugy bolsa 184 m.<\/p>\n
Hazar de\u0148zini adat\u00e7a \u00fc\u00e7 sany b\u00f6lege \u2013 demirgazyk, orta we g\u00fcnorta b\u00f6leklere b\u00f6l\u00fd\u00e4rler. De\u0148zi\u0148 demirgazyk b\u00f6legi takmynan 80000 ined\u00f6rd\u00fcl kilometre barabar. Bu b\u00f6lek Hazary\u0148 i\u0148 ki\u00e7i b\u00f6legi hasaplan\u00fdar. Onu\u0148 orta\u00e7a \u00e7u\u0148lugy 5-6 m. Hazar de\u0148zini\u0148 orta b\u00f6legi me\u00fddany 138000 ined\u00f6rd\u00fcl kilometre barabar bolan a\u00fdratyn \u00e7\u00f6ketlik hasaplan\u00fdar. Bu b\u00f6legi\u0148 orta\u00e7a \u00e7u\u0148lugy 190 metre de\u0148, i\u0148 \u00e7u\u0148 \u00fderi bolsa 788 m. Hazary\u0148 g\u00fcnorta b\u00f6legini\u0148 tut\u00fdan umumy me\u00fddany 168400 ined\u00f6rd\u00fcl kilometre barabar. De\u0148zi\u0148 i\u0148 \u00e7u\u0148 \u00fderi hem \u015fu b\u00f6lekde \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
\u00dderi gelende a\u00fdtsak, Hazar de\u0148zini\u0148 d\u00fcrli \u00fdazuw \u00e7e\u015fmelerinde we ylmy edebi\u00fdatlarda 70-e gola\u00fd d\u00fcrli\u00e7e atlandyryly\u015fyna du\u015f gelmek bol\u00fdar. De\u0148zi\u0148 \u015fe\u00fdle atlaryny\u0148 has irkilerini\u0148 hataryna \u201cG\u00fcn\u00fc\u0148 Howdany\u201d, \u201cWouru \u2013 Ka\u015fa\u201d, \u201cG\u00fcndogar de\u0148zi\u201d, \u201cGirkan de\u0148zi\u201d, \u201cG\u00fcrgen de\u0148zi\u201d we be\u00fdleki birn\u00e4\u00e7e atlar degi\u015flidirler.<\/p>\n
Hazar de\u0148zini\u0148 kenar\u00fdakasyny\u0148 umumy uzynlygy takmynan 7000 kilometre barabar. Onu\u0148 kenarlarynda 5 sany d\u00f6wlet \u2013 T\u00fcrkmenistan, E\u00fdran, Azerba\u00fdjan, Gazagystan, Russi\u00fda d\u00f6wletleri \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4rler. O\u0148a 130-a gola\u00fd, \u015fol sanda Wolga, Ural, Kura, Etrek, Terek, we be\u00fdleki ownuk der\u00fdalar \u00f6z suwlaryny gu\u00fd\u00fdarlar. De\u0148zi\u0148 \u00fcsti ony gur\u015fap alan d\u00f6wletleri\u0148 arasyndaky g\u00e4mi gatnawy – \u00fd\u00fck da\u015fa\u00fdy\u015f \u00fdoludyr.<\/p>\n
Hazarda ha\u00fdwanlary\u0148 1809 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fini\u0148 \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdandyklary subut edildi. Olary\u0148 1069 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi erkin \u00fdagda\u00fdynda suwda \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fcp \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan, 325 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi mugthorlar, 415 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi bolsa o\u0148urgaly ha\u00fdwanlar hasaplan\u00fdarlar.<\/p>\n
Hazar de\u0148zinde \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan \u00f6s\u00fcmlikleri\u0148 we ha\u00fdwanlary\u0148 m\u00f6h\u00fcm a\u00fdratynlyklaryny\u0148 biri-de, olary\u0148 \u00fdokary derejed\u00e4ki endemikler bolmagydyr. Endemikler di\u00fdip, di\u0148e \u015fol bir \u00fderde (sebitde, adada) \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan hem-de \u00f6zge \u00fderlerde asla du\u015f gelme\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fderli \u00f6s\u00fcmlik we ha\u00fdwan g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015flerine a\u00fddyl\u00fdar. Hazardaky g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015flere \u00fdokary derejed\u00e4ki endemikligi\u0148 mahsus bolmagy onu\u0148 tebigatyny\u0148 \u00f6r\u00e4n t\u00e4sindiginden we juda \u00f6zbolu\u015fludygyndan habar ber\u00fd\u00e4r. \u00dderi gelende a\u00fdtsak, Hazary\u0148 o\u0148urgasyz ha\u00fdwanlaryny\u0148 255, balyklary\u0148 54, s\u00fc\u00fddemdirijileri\u0148 hem 1 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi bu t\u00e4sin de\u0148zi\u0148 endemikleri hasaplan\u00fdarlar. Munu\u0148 \u00f6zi bolsa \u015fol g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015flere \u00f6r\u00e4n seresaply \u00e7emele\u015fmegi, olary gorap saklamagy we k\u00f6peltmegi talap ed\u00fd\u00e4r. Hut \u015fu seb\u00e4pli-de, Hazarda \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan \u00f6s\u00fcmlikleri\u0148 we ha\u00fdwanlary\u0148 onlar\u00e7a g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fleri de\u0148zi\u0148 kenar \u00fdakasyndaky d\u00f6wletleri\u0148 Gyzyl kitaplaryna, \u015fe\u00fdle hem Halkara Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi.<\/p>\n
Hazary\u0148 suwlarynda o\u0148urgasyz ha\u00fdwanlardan gur\u00e7uklary\u0148, le\u0148\u0148e\u00e7leri\u0148, s\u00fcl\u00fckleri\u0148, krewetkalary\u0148, krablary\u0148, moll\u00fduskalary\u0148 d\u00fcrli g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fleri \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdarlar. Olary\u0148 \u00e4hlisi di\u00fden \u00fdaly Hazar de\u0148zini\u0148 endemikleri hasaplan\u00fdarlar. Emma de\u0148izde bu \u00fdere d\u00fcrli d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerde adamlar tarapyndan ba\u015fga \u00fderlerden g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrilip getirilen o\u0148urgasyz ha\u00fdwanlar hem bar. Mysal \u00fc\u00e7in, XX asyry\u0148 40-njy \u00fdyllarynda Hazara Azow de\u0148zinden nereis atly gur\u00e7uk we abra di\u00fdil\u00fd\u00e4n moll\u00fduska getiril\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Bu jandarlar Hazary\u0148 tebigy \u015fertlerine o\u0148at u\u00fdgunla\u015fyp, bu \u00fderde gi\u0148den \u00fda\u00fdradylar we k\u00f6peldiler. H\u00e4zirki wagtda bolsa olar Hazary\u0148 suwlarynda \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan gymmatly gyzyl balyklary\u0148 \u2013 bekreleri\u0148 umumy i\u00fdmitini\u0148 50 g\u00f6terimini d\u00fcz\u00fd\u00e4rler.<\/p>\n
Gojaman Hazary\u0148 t\u00e4sin tebigaty, onu\u0148 biologik ba\u00fdlyklary hakda g\u00fcrr\u00fc\u0148 gozgalsa bu \u00fderde \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan balyklar barada s\u00f6hbet etmezlik asla m\u00fcmkin d\u00e4l.<\/p>\n
Balyklary \u00f6wren\u00fd\u00e4n alymlary\u0148 \u2013 ihtiologlary\u0148 (ihtiologi\u00fda \u2013 balyklar baradaky ylym) maglumatlaryna g\u00f6r\u00e4, Hazar de\u0148zinde balyklary\u0148 101 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi du\u015f\u00fdar. Olar \u00f6zlerini\u0148 da\u015fky ke\u015fbi, m\u00f6\u00e7beri, \u00f6n\u00fcp-\u00f6s\u00fc\u015f a\u00fdratynlyklary bo\u00fdun\u00e7a tapawutlan\u00fdarlar. Balyklary\u0148 i\u0148 ulularyny\u0148 g\u00f6wresini\u0148 uzynlygy 5 metre, ki\u00e7isini\u0148ki bolsa bary-\u00fdogy 45 millimetre barabar. De\u0148zi\u0148 balyklaryny\u0148 arasynda g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015flerini\u0148 sany bo\u00fdun\u00e7a takgazlar, kepirler we ma\u0148\u0148al\u00e7alar agdyklyk ed\u00fd\u00e4rler. Olar Hazary\u0148 balyklaryny\u0148 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015f d\u00fcz\u00fcmini\u0148 77 g\u00f6terimini tut\u00fdarlar. Hazar de\u0148zini\u0148 balyklaryny\u0148 ep-esli b\u00f6legini s\u00fc\u00fdji suw gelip \u00e7yky\u015fly balyklar d\u00fcz\u00fd\u00e4rler. \u015eunu\u0148 \u00fdaly balyklary\u0148 hatarynda bekreler, kepirler we be\u00fdlekiler degi\u015flidirler.<\/p>\n
Hazar de\u0148zini\u0148 balyk ba\u00fdlygy hakda g\u00fcrr\u00fc\u0148 gozgalanda bekre balyklary barada a\u00fdratyn bu\u00fdsan\u00e7 bilen s\u00f6hbet ed\u00fd\u00e4rler. M\u00e4lim bol\u015fy \u00fdaly, de\u0148zi\u0148 suwlarynda bekreleri\u0148 7 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdarlar. Olary\u0148 hataryna doky, tirana, bekre balyk (s\u00f6p balyk) we be\u00fdlekiler degi\u015flidirler. Doky balygyny\u0148 g\u00f6wresini\u0148 uzynlygy 5 metre, agramy bolsa 150 kilograma barabar. Ol tebigatda 60-100 \u00fdyllap \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdar. Bu gymmatly ballyk h\u00e4zirki d\u00f6w\u00fcrde \u00fda\u015fap \u00fd\u00f6ren bekreleri\u0148 arasynda i\u0148 gadymky g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015f hasaplan\u00fdar. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fde olary\u0148 k\u00e4birleri 120 \u00fdyla \u00e7enli \u00fda\u015fapdyrlar. Emma h\u00e4zirki wagtda olar di\u0148e 50 \u00fdyla \u00e7enli \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdarlar. Seb\u00e4bi, olary\u0148 k\u00f6p\u00fcsini adamlar irki \u00fda\u015flarynda, \u00fdagny entek k\u00f6pelm\u00e4ge ba\u015falamakalar tut\u00fdarlar, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fd\u00e4rler. Bekre \u00fda-da s\u00f6p balyk di\u00fdil\u00fd\u00e4n g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi\u0148 g\u00f6wresini\u0148 uzynlygy 2 metrden gowrak, agramy 80 kilograma barabar. Ol tebigatda 23 \u00fdyl \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdar. Bekre balygy T\u00fcrkmenistanda Hazar de\u0148zini\u0148 10 metrden hem \u00e7u\u0148rak \u00fderlerinde bol\u00fdar. Amyder\u00fdada i\u015fbil ta\u015fla\u00fdan d\u00f6wr\u00fcnde du\u015f\u00fdar. \u00c7u\u0148 \u00e7ukurjyklarda gy\u015fla\u00fdarlar. K\u00f6pel\u00fd\u00e4n wagty \u00fdaz we tomus a\u00fdlary, her \u00fdylda d\u00e4l. Uly balyklar moll\u00fduskalar we balyk bilen i\u00fdmitlen\u00fd\u00e4rler. Bekre balygy hemme \u00fda\u00fdran \u00fderlerinde \u00fditip, \u00fdok bolmak \u00fdagda\u00fdyndaky g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015f hasaplan\u00fdar. \u015eu seb\u00e4pli-de, ol T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Ony T\u00fcrkmenistanda tutmak gadagan edildi. \u00dderi gelende a\u00fdtsak, d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 \u00e4hli de\u0148izlerinde \u00fdylda 85 million tonna gola\u00fd balyk tutul\u00fdar. Hazar de\u0148zinden her \u00fdylda tutul\u00fdan balyklary\u0148 umumy m\u00f6\u00e7beri bolsa 200 m\u00fc\u0148 tonna barabar hasap edil\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
De\u0148iz suwlarynda \u00fdokarda atlary agzalyp ge\u00e7ilen bekre balyklardan ba\u015fga-da, birn\u00e4\u00e7e gymmatly g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fler hem \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdarlar. Olara Wolga takgazy, Hazar azatmahysy, azatmahy \u00fdaly T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 Gyzyl kitabyna girizilen gymmatly g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fler degi\u015flidirler. Wolga takgazy di\u00fdil\u00fd\u00e4n g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015f de\u0148zi\u0148 hemme \u00fderinde \u00fda\u00fdran we ol sany azal\u00fdan balyk hasaplan\u00fdar. Gy\u015fyna G\u00fcnorta Hazary\u0148 12-25 metre barabar \u00e7u\u0148lugynda \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdar. Orta ululykdaky we iri balyk. I\u0148 ulularyny\u0148 g\u00f6wresini\u0148 uzynlygy 19-39 santimetre, agramy bolsa 100-600 grama \u00fdet\u00fd\u00e4r. I\u015fbilini\u0148 sany 100-280 m\u00fc\u0148 bol\u00fdar. Bu balygy hemme \u00fderde tutmak gadagan edilendir. Hazar azatmahysy we azatmahy balyklary hem Hazar de\u0148zini\u0148 balyk ba\u00fdlygyny\u0148 gymmatly g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fleri hasaplan\u00fdarlar. Gojaman Hazary\u0148 biologik ba\u00fdlyklaryny\u0148 gymmatly g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015flerini\u0148 \u00fdene bir topary gu\u015flar hasaplan\u00fdar. Hazar de\u0148zinde gu\u015flary\u0148 466 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fini\u0148 du\u015f gel\u00fd\u00e4ndikleri kesgitlendi. Olardan 120 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015f \u015fu \u00fderde gy\u015fla\u00fdan gu\u015flar hasaplan\u00fdarlar. Gu\u015flary\u0148 68 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi de\u0148izde gy\u015fla\u00fdarlar, 278 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi bolsa g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp-gon\u00fdarlar, \u00fdagny jahanke\u015fdelik ed\u00fd\u00e4rler \u00fda-da tomus paslyny \u015fu sebitde ge\u00e7ir\u00fd\u00e4rler. De\u0148iz gu\u015flaryna \u00e7arlaklary\u0148 d\u00fcrli g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fleri, posly \u00e7arlaklar, gotanlar, gazlar, guwlar, \u00f6rdekler we gyzylgazlar degi\u015flidirler. Bu gu\u015flar de\u0148zi\u0148 kenar \u00fdakasynda k\u00f6p\u00e7\u00fclikle\u00fdin toplan\u00fdarlar. \u00dderi gelende a\u00fdtsak, Hazary\u0148 de\u0148iz a\u00fdlaglary gu\u015f bazarlaryny\u0148 mekany di\u00fdlip, \u00fd\u00f6ne \u00fdere a\u00fddylma\u00fdar. G\u00fc\u00fdzde ma\u00fdyl howaly \u00fclkelere \u2013 E\u00fdrany\u0148 g\u00fcnortasyna, Yraga g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp gid\u00fd\u00e4n gu\u015flary\u0148 millionlar\u00e7asy Hazar d\u00f6wlet goraghanasyny\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerinde gy\u015flamaga gal\u00fdarlar. G\u00fcnbatar Sibirden, Gazagystany\u0148 merkezinde \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4n Tengiz k\u00f6l\u00fcnden we d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 sowuk howaly be\u00fdleki \u00fderlerinden \u00c7eleken, T\u00fcrkmenba\u015fy, Esenguly \u00fdarym adalaryna u\u00e7up gel\u00fd\u00e4n gu\u015flary\u0148 t\u00e4sin owazlary \u00f6r\u00e4n uzaklardan hem e\u015fidil\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
De\u0148izi\u0148 sa\u00fd \u00fderleri we kenar \u00fdakalaryny\u0148 suwly, batgaly \u00fderleri de\u0148iz jandarlaryny\u0148, balyklary\u0148, d\u00fcwlenleri\u0148 we gu\u015flary\u0148 k\u00f6p \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan \u00fderi bolup, olar halkara \u00e4hmi\u00fdetlidir. Hazary\u0148 t\u00fcrkmen b\u00f6leginde Hazar goraghanasy \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4r. Onda de\u0148ze gy\u015flamaga gel\u00fd\u00e4n gu\u015flary\u0148 2\/3 b\u00f6legi bardyr.<\/p>\n
A\u015fyrow Muhammet<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkmen oba hojalyk institutyny\u0148 Gidromeliorasi\u00fda we oba hojalygyny<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n mehanizmle\u015fdirmek fakultetini\u0148 2-nji \u00fdyl talyby<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" H\u00e4zirki zaman Hazar de\u0148zi mundan 5-7 million \u00fdyl ozal bolan duzly suwly gadymky Pontik k\u00f6l\u00fcni\u0148 \u2013 de\u0148zini\u0148 bir b\u00f6legi hasaplan\u00fdar. Hazar de\u0148zini\u0148 uzynlygy demirgazykdan g\u00fcnorta takmynan 1200 kilometre de\u0148. Onu\u0148 ini i\u0148 gi\u0148 \u00fderinde 466 kilometre barabar. I\u0148 dar \u00fderi bolsa Ap\u015feron \u00fdarym adasynda bary-\u00fdogy 204 kilometre de\u0148. Hazary\u0148 orta\u00e7a ini g\u00fcnbatardan g\u00fcndogara 330 kilometre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21490"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21490"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21491,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21490\/revisions\/21491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}