Uzynlygy\u0148, agramy\u0148, tizligi\u0148, g\u00f6wr\u00fcmi\u0148, wagty\u0148, \u00fdagtylygy\u0148, kuwwaty\u0148, garaz, \u00e4hli zady\u0148 \u00f6z \u00f6l\u00e7eg birligi bardyr. \u015eonu\u0148 \u00fc\u00e7in hem \u00f6l\u00e7eg birlikleri g\u00fcndelik durmu\u015fymyzda i\u0148 k\u00f6p ulanyl\u00fdan s\u00f6zleri\u0148 hataryna gir\u00fd\u00e4r. Irki d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerde put, gula\u00e7, gary, gez \u00fdaly \u00f6l\u00e7eg birliklerinden pe\u00fddalanylan bolsa, indi olary\u0148 \u00fderine gram, kilogram, tonna, santimetr, metr, kilometr, litr… \u00fdaly d\u00f6wrebapla\u015fan we halkara standartlaryna la\u00fdyk gel\u00fd\u00e4n \u00f6l\u00e7eg birlikleri ulanyl\u00fdar. H\u00e4zirki wagtda bazara baryp \u201cMa\u0148a bir put alma \u00e7ekip beri\u0148\u201d di\u00fdilse, belki-de k\u00f6p satyjylary\u0148 mu\u0148a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmezligi m\u00fcmkin \u00fda-da mata sat\u00fdan satyjyny\u0148 \u00fdanyna baryp \u201cMa\u0148a bir gula\u00e7 biz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00e4p beri\u0148\u201d di\u00fdilse, onu\u0148 \u201cN\u00e4\u00e7e metr gerek?\u201d di\u00fdip sorajakdygy iku\u00e7syzdyr. \u00c7\u00fcnki wagty\u0148 ge\u00e7megi bilen d\u00fcrli \u00f6l\u00e7eg birlikleri \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7yk\u00fdar we olar halkara derejesinde kabul edil\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Biz bu g\u00fcnki g\u00fcn maglumatlar tilsimaty asyrynda \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdarys. Durmu\u015fymyzy\u0148 \u00e4hli ugurlaryna orna\u015fan elektron maglumatlary\u0148 m\u00f6\u00e7beri, olarda ulanyl\u00fdan \u00f6l\u00e7eg birlikler tehnologi\u00fdany\u0148 \u00f6s\u00fc\u015f depgini bilen g\u00f6s-g\u00f6ni baglany\u015fyklydyr. XX asyr adamzat taryhyna tehnologik \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fleri\u0148 bin\u00fdadyny\u0148 tutulan asyry bolup girdi. \u00c7\u00fcnki ge\u00e7en asyrda bolup ge\u00e7en d\u00fcrli sy\u00fdasy we jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7ilik wakalary tehnologi\u00fdany\u0148 \u00e7alt depginde \u00f6smek zerurlygyny \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykardy. XX asyry\u0148 ba\u015fynda, \u00fdagny 1903-nji \u00fdylda AB\u015e-ly doganlar Ura\u00fdtlary\u0148 ilkinji hereketlendirijili u\u00e7ary o\u00fdlap tapmaklygy, \u015fol \u00fdyl i\u0148lis alymy Jon Flemingi\u0148 \u00e4hli elektron enjamlary\u0148 ykbalyny kesgitl\u00e4n di\u00fdotlary i\u015fl\u00e4p d\u00fczmekligi, 1907-nji \u00fdylda fransi\u00fdaly Paul Kornuny\u0148 ilkinji gezek hereketlendirijili diku\u00e7ary u\u00e7urmagy, 1922-nji \u00fdylda nemes fizigi Artur Korn tarapyndan radio tolkunlar arkaly i\u015fle\u00fd\u00e4n faksy\u0148, 1938-nji \u00fdylda bolsa AB\u015e-ly \u00c7ester Karlson tarapyndan kserokopi\u00fda enjamyny\u0148 o\u00fdlanyp tapylmagy, 1939-njy \u00fdylda HP kompani\u00fdasy tarapyndan analog maglumatlary sanly maglumatlara \u00f6w\u00fcr\u00fd\u00e4n \u201cPulse-code modulation\u201d ulgamyny\u0148 i\u015flenilip d\u00fcz\u00fclmegi, 1947-nji \u00fdylda sesi\u0148 tizliginden hem \u00e7alt u\u00e7u\u015fy\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcnlikli amala a\u015fyrylmagy, 1951-nji \u00fdylda IBM kompani\u00fdasy tarapyndan ilkinji komp\u00fduterleri\u0148 satuwa \u00e7ykarylmagy, 1957-nji \u00fdylda \u00f6\u0148ki SSSR tarapyndan \u201cSputnik 1\u201d atly emeli hemrany\u0148 \u00e4lem gi\u0148i\u015fligine u\u00e7urylmagy, 1961-nji \u00fdylda \u00dduri\u00fd Gagarini\u0148 \u00dder \u015faryny\u0148 da\u015fyndan a\u00fdlanmagy, 1969-njy \u00fdylda AB\u015e-ly Ne\u00fdl Armstrongy\u0148 A\u00fda a\u00fdak basmagy, \u015fol \u00fdyl internet ulgamyny\u0148 hem \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykmagy, 1982-nji \u00fdylda Philips we Sony kompani\u00fdalary tarapyndan ilkinji ykjaml diskleri\u0148 (CD) \u00f6nd\u00fcrilmegi, 1983-nji \u00fdylda Mikrosoft kompani\u00fdasyny\u0148 Windows ulgamyny i\u015fl\u00e4p d\u00fczmekligi, 1985-nji \u00fdylda mobil telefonlary\u0148 ulanylyp ba\u015flanmagy, 1997-nji \u00fdylda ilkinji gezek di\u0148e genleri\u0148 \u00fcsti bilen Dolly atly go\u00fdnu\u0148 klonlanylmagy, \u015fol \u00fdyl \u201cDeeper Blue\u201d atly komp\u00fduteri\u0148 k\u00fc\u015ft bo\u00fdun\u00e7a d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 \u00e7empiony Kasparowy \u00fde\u0148megi tehnologi\u00fdany\u0148 bir asyrlyk \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fini\u0148 gysga\u00e7a be\u00fdanydyr.<\/p>\n
2000-nji \u00fdyldan so\u0148ra ba\u015flanan tehnologi\u00fda e\u00fd\u00fdamy \u00f6zi bilen t\u00e4ze s\u00f6zleri, t\u00e4ze a\u0148latmalary getirdi. Bit (bi:t), ba\u00fdt, kiloba\u00fdt, megaba\u00fdt, gigaba\u00fdt a\u00fdratyn hem elektron maglumatlar barada g\u00fcrr\u00fc\u0148 edileninde i\u0148 k\u00f6p ulanyl\u00fdan \u00f6l\u00e7eg birliklere \u00f6wr\u00fcldi.<\/p>\n
Bitden gigaba\u00fdta \u00e7enli…<\/p>\n
Bit munu\u0148 \u00f6zi elektron maglumaty\u0148 i\u0148 ki\u00e7i \u00f6l\u00e7eg birligidir. Komp\u00fduter klawiaturadan girizilen maglumatlary \u201c0\u201d we \u201c1\u201d sanlary yzygiderli ga\u00fdtalamak bilen elektron maglumata \u00f6w\u00fcr\u00fd\u00e4r. Eger-de komp\u00fdutere \u201cA\u201d harpyny girizsek, \u201cA\u201d harpy onu\u0148 a\u0148ynda 01010110 g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015finde kodlanyl\u00fdar. \u015eol hem komp\u00fduteri\u0148 a\u0148ynda 1 ba\u00fdt h\u00f6km\u00fcnde \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4r. Millimetr, santimetr, metr g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015finde \u00f6l\u00e7eg birliklerini\u0148 ulaly\u015fy \u00fdaly, elektron maglumatlary\u0148 hem \u00f6l\u00e7eg birlikleri ki\u00e7iden ula \u015fe\u00fdler\u00e4kdir:<\/p>\n
8 bit = 1 ba\u00fdt<\/p>\n
1024 ba\u00fdt = 1 kiloba\u00fdt<\/p>\n
1024 kiloba\u00fdt = 1 megaba\u00fdt<\/p>\n
1024 megaba\u00fdt = 1 gigaba\u00fdt<\/p>\n
Biz g\u00fcndelik durmu\u015fymyzda elektron maglumatlar bilen i\u015f saly\u015fanymyzda gigaba\u00fdtdan uly \u00f6l\u00e7eg birligi ulanma\u00fdarys. Mysal \u00fc\u00e7in komp\u00fduterde Mikrosoft\u00a0 Word programmasynda \u00fdazylan bir sahypa \u00fdazgyny\u0148 m\u00f6\u00e7beri orta\u00e7a 30 kiloba\u00fdta de\u0148dir. 7-12 megapiksellik fotoaparatda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrilen bir suraty\u0148 komp\u00fduterd\u00e4ki m\u00f6\u00e7beri 500 kiloba\u00fdt bilen 1 megaba\u00fdt aralygyndadyr. CD-leri\u0148 sygymy 700 megaba\u00fdt, DVD-leri\u0148 sygymy bolsa orta\u00e7a 4,7 gigaba\u00fdtdyr. So\u0148ky d\u00f6w\u00fcrde USB birikdirili\u015f g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fli elektron maglumat g\u00f6terijiler has hem \u00fd\u00f6rg\u00fcnle\u015fdi. Ilki-ilkiler 128 megaba\u00fdtdan ba\u015flap, so\u0148y bilen has uly m\u00f6\u00e7berli, \u00fdagny 250\u2013500 gigaba\u00fdtlyk, hatda 1 teraba\u00fdtlyk (1000 gigba\u00fdt) hem \u00f6nd\u00fcrildi.<\/p>\n
Gigaba\u00fdtdan \u00fdottaba\u00fdta \u00e7enli…<\/p>\n
Tehnologi\u00fdany\u0148 \u015fe\u00fdle \u00e7alt tizlikde \u00f6smegi, elektron maglumatlary\u0148 \u00e7enden a\u015fa k\u00f6pelmegi t\u00e4ze-t\u00e4ze \u00f6l\u00e7eg birlikleri\u0148 ulanyly\u015fa girizilmegini talap ed\u00fd\u00e4r. 1024 gigaba\u00fdt 1 teraba\u00fdty emele getir\u00fd\u00e4r. 1024 teraba\u00fdt 1 petaba\u00fdty emele getir\u00fd\u00e4r. 1024 petaba\u00fdt 1 eksaba\u00fdty emele getir\u00fd\u00e4r. Has \u00fd\u00f6neke\u00fdle\u015fdirip a\u00fdtsak, bir eksaba\u00fdt munu\u0148 \u00f6zi DVD hilinde surata d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrilen, dowamlylygy 50000 \u00fdyllyk film di\u00fdmeklikdir.<\/p>\n
2009-njy \u00fdyly\u0148 ma\u00fd a\u00fdyndaky hasabata g\u00f6r\u00e4 500 eksaba\u00fdt tutu\u015f internet ulgamyndaky \u00e4hli maglumatlary\u0148 m\u00f6\u00e7berine de\u0148dir. 1 eksaba\u00fdty\u0148 1 milliard gigaba\u00fdt m\u00f6\u00e7berindedigini g\u00f6z \u00f6\u0148\u00fcnde tutsak, onda internet ulgamyny\u0148 n\u00e4 derejede ba\u00fd maglumata e\u00fdedegine akyl \u00fdetirip bileris.<\/p>\n
Internet ulgamynda i\u0148 gowy g\u00f6zleg sa\u00fdtyny \u00fd\u00f6red\u00fd\u00e4n \u201cGoogle\u201d kompani\u00fdasyny\u0148 dolandyry\u015f i\u015fg\u00e4ri Tom Stoky h\u00e4zirki wagtda internet ulgamyndaky maglumatlar barada \u015fe\u00fdle di\u00fd\u00fd\u00e4r: \u201cInternetd\u00e4ki 500 eksaba\u00fdtlyk maglumat munu\u0148 \u00f6zi 500 milliard gigaba\u00fdtlyk elektron maglumat di\u00fdmeklikdir. Eger bu elektron maglumatlary kagyza \u00e7ap etsek, onda \u00e7ap edilen kagyzlar 8 gezek d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 da\u015fyny \u00f6rtm\u00e4ge \u00fdeterdi. \u015eol kagyzlary bir-birini\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcne go\u00fdup desselese\u0148, onu\u0148 be\u00fdikligi \u00dderden Plutona \u00e7enli uzaklygy\u0148 10 essesine de\u0148 bolardy. Mundan ba\u015fga-da, Google g\u00f6zleg sa\u00fdty \u015fol maglumatlary\u0148 di\u0148e bir b\u00f6legini ulanyja \u00fdetirip bil\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015eonu\u0148 \u00fc\u00e7in Google g\u00f6zleg sa\u00fdtyny\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcnde has hem k\u00f6p i\u015flemeli\u201d.<\/p>\n
Asly\u00fdetinde, Google g\u00f6zleg sa\u00fdtynda n\u00e4medir bir zat barada maglumat almak islesek, d\u00fcrli dillerde-de bolsa \u00fdeterlik, has dogrusy, artykmajy bilen maglumatlary \u00f6\u0148\u00fcmize okla\u00fdar. Hatda olary\u0148 i\u00e7inden ha\u00fdsy birine seretjegi\u0148i hem bilme\u00fd\u00e4rsi\u0148. Mysal \u00fc\u00e7in, Google-y\u0148 kitaplar b\u00f6l\u00fcmide 7 million sany elektron kitap bar. Kartalar b\u00f6l\u00fcminde bolsa d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 100-den gowrak d\u00f6wletini\u0148, hatda k\u00f6\u00e7elerine \u00e7enli g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmkin\u00e7iligi d\u00f6redilen, \u015fe\u00fdle hem bellenilen nokady 2,5 metr \u00fdakynlyga \u00e7enli getirip bil\u00fd\u00e4n kartalaryny\u0148 bolmagy az zat d\u00e4ldir. Emma ent\u00e4gem Google g\u00f6zleg sa\u00fdtyny\u0148 internetd\u00e4ki \u00e4hli maglumatlary el\u00fdeterli edip bilme\u00fd\u015fi d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 elektron maglumatlar d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4sini\u0148 \u00dder \u015faryndan hem en\u00e7eme esse uludygyny g\u00f6rkez\u00fd\u00e4r. Google-y\u0148 wideo \u015fekiller b\u00f6l\u00fcminde bolsa takmynan 10 milliondan gowrak wideo bardyr.<\/p>\n
Biz bulary\u0148 di\u0148e adyny e\u015fid\u00fd\u00e4ris<\/p>\n
1024 eksaba\u00fdty\u0148 1 zettaba\u00fdta de\u0148dir. 1024 zettaba\u00fdty\u0148 1 \u00fdottaba\u00fdta dendir…<\/p>\n
Da\u00fdan\u00e7 JORA\u00ddEW,<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkmenistany\u00f1 d\u00f6wlet energetika institutyny\u00f1 talyby<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Uzynlygy\u0148, agramy\u0148, tizligi\u0148, g\u00f6wr\u00fcmi\u0148, wagty\u0148, \u00fdagtylygy\u0148, kuwwaty\u0148, garaz, \u00e4hli zady\u0148 \u00f6z \u00f6l\u00e7eg birligi bardyr. \u015eonu\u0148 \u00fc\u00e7in hem \u00f6l\u00e7eg birlikleri g\u00fcndelik durmu\u015fymyzda i\u0148 k\u00f6p ulanyl\u00fdan s\u00f6zleri\u0148 hataryna gir\u00fd\u00e4r. Irki d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerde put, gula\u00e7, gary, gez \u00fdaly \u00f6l\u00e7eg birliklerinden pe\u00fddalanylan bolsa, indi olary\u0148 \u00fderine gram, kilogram, tonna, santimetr, metr, kilometr, litr… \u00fdaly d\u00f6wrebapla\u015fan we halkara standartlaryna la\u00fdyk gel\u00fd\u00e4n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21525"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21525"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21526,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21525\/revisions\/21526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}