Me\u00fdnfre\u00fdm (i\u0148l. Mainframe, rus. \u041c\u044d\u0439\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c). Bu uly m\u00f6\u00e7berd\u00e4ki maglumatlary i\u015fl\u00e4p bil\u00fd\u00e4n we bir wagtda birn\u00e4\u00e7e m\u00fc\u0148 ulanyjylary\u0148 talaplaryny \u00fderine \u00fdetirip bil\u00fd\u00e4n, \u00fdokary i\u015fje\u0148 we uly hasapla\u00fdy\u015f m\u00fcmkin\u00e7iligi bolan komp\u00fduter. Da\u015f g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi bo\u00fdun\u00e7a me\u00fdnfre\u00fdm uly ulgamla\u00fdyn binaly we o\u0148a birikdirilen terminallardan d\u00fcz\u00fclen komp\u00fduterdir. Me\u00fdnefre\u00fdmi\u0148 bahasy \u00f6zgelere garany\u0148da \u00fdokary we programmalar toplumy bilen bir komp\u00fduter takmynan million dollar m\u00f6\u00e7berinde bahalan\u00fdar. Me\u00fdnfre\u00fdmleri\u0148 ulanyly\u015fyny\u0148 mysaly h\u00f6km\u00fcnde u\u00e7arlara we demir \u00fdol ulaglaryna merkezle\u015fdirilen tertipde petekleri\u0148 satuwyny\u0148 gurnaly\u015fy bolup biler. Me\u00fdnfre\u00fdmler ykdysady, mali\u00fde we be\u00fdleki pudaklarda ulanyl\u00fdar. Me\u00fdnfre\u00fdmleri\u0148 k\u00f6p\u00fcsini IBM kompani\u00fdasy \u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Terminal (rus. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b) \u2013 merkezle\u015fdirilen hasapla\u00fdy\u015f ulgamyny\u0148 b\u00f6legi bolup, ol, adat\u00e7a, monitordan we klawiaturadan ybarat enjam.<\/p>\n
Superkomp\u00fduter (rus. \u0421\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440) \u2013 kyn, \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly mysallary hasapla\u00fdan, asmandaky \u00fdyldyzlary\u0148 43 \u00fda-da galaktikalary\u0148 koordinatalaryny anykla\u00fdan, howa \u00fc\u00fdtge\u015fmelerini\u0148 modellerini, nebiti\u0148 we gazy\u0148 d\u00f6re\u00fdi\u015f \u00fderlerini\u0148 kartasyny \u00e7yz\u00fdan uly komp\u00fduter.<\/p>\n
Ykdysady\u00fdetde maglumat ulgamlaryny\u0148 we tehnologi\u00fdalaryny\u0148 tehniki seri\u015fdelerini\u0148 apparat \u00fcpj\u00fcn\u00e7iligi (i\u0148l. Hardware, rus. \u0410\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435) \u2013 bu komp\u00fduter ulgamyny\u0148 i\u015flemekligi \u00fc\u00e7in<\/p>\n
gerek bolan tehniki seri\u015fdeleri\u0148 toplumy bolup, o\u0148a komp\u00fduteri\u0148 \u00f6zi, \u00e7etki enjamlar, terminallar, aragatna\u015fyk enjamlary we komp\u00fduter ulgamy bilen bagly bolan ba\u015fga enjamlar gir\u00fd\u00e4r. Ba\u015fga s\u00f6z bilen a\u00fddylanda, bular g\u00f6z bilen g\u00f6r\u00fcp, el bilen tutup bol\u00fdan seri\u015fdelerdir, \u00fdagny komp\u00fduteri d\u00fcz\u00fd\u00e4n b\u00f6lekler bolan printer, modem, monitor, klawiatura \u00fda-da \u015fulara me\u0148ze\u015f be\u00fdleki enjamlardyr. Apparat \u00fcpj\u00fcn\u00e7iligini\u0148 i\u015fini programma \u00fcpj\u00fcn\u00e7iligi dolandyr\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Personal komp\u00fduterleri\u0148 hu\u015fy \u00fda-da \u00fdatda sakla\u00fdan gurlu\u015fy maglumatlary \u00fdatda saklamak \u00fc\u00e7in ni\u00fdetlenilendir. \u00ddatda sakla\u00fdan gurlu\u015fy\u0148 esasy \u00fderine \u00fdetir\u00fd\u00e4n i\u015fi maglumatlary okamak we \u00fdazmakdyr. \u00ddady\u0148 i\u0148 wajyp h\u00e4si\u00fdetnamasy onu\u0148 sygymy we o\u0148a girm\u00e4ge bolan wagtdyr. Operatiw \u00fdady\u0148 \u00fdatda sakla\u00fdjy elementi h\u00f6km\u00fcnde h\u00e4zirki wagtda uly integral mikroshemalar ulanyl\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Orazjemal JUMAMYRADOWA,<\/strong><\/em> <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Me\u00fdnfre\u00fdm (i\u0148l. Mainframe, rus. \u041c\u044d\u0439\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c). Bu uly m\u00f6\u00e7berd\u00e4ki maglumatlary i\u015fl\u00e4p bil\u00fd\u00e4n we bir wagtda birn\u00e4\u00e7e m\u00fc\u0148 ulanyjylary\u0148 talaplaryny \u00fderine \u00fdetirip bil\u00fd\u00e4n, \u00fdokary i\u015fje\u0148 we uly hasapla\u00fdy\u015f m\u00fcmkin\u00e7iligi bolan komp\u00fduter. Da\u015f g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi bo\u00fdun\u00e7a me\u00fdnfre\u00fdm uly ulgamla\u00fdyn binaly we o\u0148a birikdirilen terminallardan d\u00fcz\u00fclen komp\u00fduterdir. Me\u00fdnefre\u00fdmi\u0148 bahasy \u00f6zgelere garany\u0148da \u00fdokary we programmalar toplumy bilen bir komp\u00fduter takmynan million […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":22685,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22547"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22547"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23581,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22547\/revisions\/23581"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22685"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nT\u00fcrkmen oba hojalyk institutyny\u0148,<\/strong><\/em>
\nWeterinar lukaman\u00e7ylygy fakultetini\u0148, <\/strong><\/em>
\nBuhgalter\u00e7ilik hasaba alny\u015fy we audit h\u00fcn\u00e4rini\u0148 5-nji \u00fdyl talyby.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n