Matematika da\u015f-t\u00f6weregimizi gur\u015fap alan d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 mukdar gatna\u015fyklaryny we gi\u0148i\u015flik formalaryny \u00f6wren\u00fd\u00e4r. Ine, bu bolsa matematikany\u0148 predmetidir. Matematikany\u0148 abstraktlygy onu\u0148 material hakykatdan \u00fcz\u0148eligini a\u0148latma\u00fdar. Tehnikany\u0148 we tebigy bilimleri\u0148 talaby bilen a\u00fdrylmaz baglan\u015fykda matematikany\u0148 \u00f6wren\u00fd\u00e4n mukdar gatna\u015fyklaryny\u0148 we gi\u0148i\u015flik formalaryny\u0148 gerimi \u00fczn\u00fcksiz gi\u0148e\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fdlelikde, \u00fdokarda getirlen matematikany\u0148 kesgitlemesi has ba\u00fd mazmun bilen dolduryl\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
\u201eMatematika\u2015 adalgasy grekleri\u0148 mathema s\u00f6z\u00fcnden gelip \u00e7ykmak bilen \u2015ylym\u2015, \u201ebilim\u2015, \u201eakyl \u00fdetirmek\u2015 di\u00fdmegi a\u0148lad\u00fdar. Bu adalga t\u00fcrkmen diline rus dilinden, rus diline pol\u00fdak dilinden, pol\u00fdak diline latyn dilinden, latyn diline bolsa grek dilinden ge\u00e7ipdir.<\/p>\n
Matematikany\u0148 taryhy matematikany\u0148 \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fini\u0148 ob\u00fdektiw kanunlary baradaky ylymdyr. \u015eu\u0148a degi\u015flilikde matematikany\u0148 taryhyny\u0148 \u00f6\u0148\u00fcnde \u00f6r\u00e4n k\u00f6p meseleleri \u00e7\u00f6zmek go\u00fdulyar. Ol meseleleri sanap ge\u00e7m\u00e4ge m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik azdyr, o\u0148a zerurlyk hem \u00fdok. Biz olary sanap ge\u00e7mek bilen \u00e7\u00e4klenm\u00e4n taryhy-matematiki der\u0148ewleri\u0148 ugurlaryna jemle\u00fdji h\u00e4si\u00fdetde h\u00e4s\u00fdetnamalar bereli\u0148.<\/p>\n
1. K\u00e4bir halklarda kesgitli taryhy d\u00f6w\u00fcrde matematikany\u0148 \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fini\u0148 h\u00e4siyetleri we ayratynlyklary, ge\u00e7mi\u015fd\u00e4ki matematikleri\u0148, ilkinji nobatda hem ilde\u015f matematiklerimizi\u0148 matematika ylmyna go\u015fantlary y\u00fcze \u00e7ykaryl\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
2. Taryhy-matematiki i\u015flerde matematikany\u0148 k\u00f6p d\u00fcrli baglan\u015fyklary a\u00e7ylyp g\u00f6rkezily\u00e4r.Olardan matematikany\u0148 adamlary\u0148 praktiki zerurlygyna we i\u015fine, beyleki ylymlary\u0148 \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fleri bilen baglan\u015fyklary, jemgy\u00fdeti\u0148 ykdysady we sosial gurlu\u015fyny\u0148 \u00fdagda\u00fdy d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndiril\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Matematikany\u0144 \u00f6s\u00fc\u015f taryhynda birn\u00e4\u00e7e h\u00e4si\u00fdetli ayratynlyklary bolan biri-birinden tapawutlan\u00fdan a\u00fdry-a\u00fdry d\u00f6w\u00fcrleri g\u00f6rkezmek bol\u00fdar. Matematikany\u0144 \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fine degi\u015fli taryhy faktlary\u0144 barlygyna garamazdan \u00f6wrenmegi \u00fde\u0144ille\u015fdirmek \u00fc\u00e7in matematikany\u0144 \u00f6s\u00fc\u015f taryhyny d\u00f6w\u00fcrlere b\u00f6lmek zerurdyr. Matematikany\u0144 tary-<\/p>\n
hyny d\u00f6w\u00fcrlere b\u00f6lmek \u00fdurtlar, sosial-ykdysady formasi\u00fdalar, me\u015fhur a\u00e7yslar we \u015f.m. bo\u00fdun\u00e7a ge\u00e7irm\u00e4ge synan\u015fyklar edildi. D\u00f6w\u00fcrlere b\u00f6lmek baradaky jedeller dowam ed\u00fd\u00e4r. Be\u00fdik rus alymy, akademik A. N. Kolmogorow (\u041c\u0430tematika, USE, t. 26) matematikany\u0144 \u00f6s\u00fc\u015f taryhyny \u015fertli d\u00f6rt sany d\u00f6wre b\u00f6lmegi teklip etdi:<\/p>\n
1. Matematikany\u0144 d\u00f6re\u00fdi\u015f d\u00f6wri. Bu d\u00f6w\u00fcr bizi\u0144 eramyzdan \u00f6\u0144 VI-V asyrlara \u00e7enli dowam ed\u00fd\u00e4r, \u00fdagny matematika \u00f6z predmeti we usullary bolan \u00f6zba\u015fdak ylym h\u00f6km\u00fcnde kemala gel\u00fd\u00e4n\u00e7\u00e4 wagty \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdar. Bu d\u00f6wr\u00fc\u0144 ba\u015flany\u015fy ilkidurmu\u015f adamlary\u0144 taryhyna si\u0144ip gid\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu d\u00f6wre heniz b\u00f6l\u00fcnmedik umumy ylmy\u0144 \u00e7\u00e4ginde bar bolan matematiki faktlary toplamak mahsusdyr. Taryhdan belli bol\u015fy \u00fdaly, gadym d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerde adamlar gowaklarda \u00fda\u015famak bilen ha\u00fdwanlardan az tapawutlanypdyrlar. Olar \u00fc\u00fd\u015f\u00fcp tapan \u00fderlerinden i\u00fdmit g\u00f6zl\u00e4pdirler, aw awlamak, i\u00fdmi\u015f-miwe \u00e7\u00f6plemek bilen g\u00fcn-g\u00fczeranlaryny dolandyrypdyrlar. Adamlar aw awlamak, balyk\u00e7ylyk \u00fc\u00e7in \u00fdaraglar ta\u00fd\u00fdarlapdyrlar, biri-birine \u00fd\u00fczlenmek \u00fc\u00e7in dil i\u015fl\u00e4pdirler. \u015eu i\u015fler zatlary sanamak zerurlygyny \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykarypdyr: adamlar \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00e4n miwelerini\u0148, awlan ha\u00fdwanlaryny\u0148 mukdaryny bilmeli bolupdyrlar.<\/p>\n
Ilki ba\u015fda adamlar zatlary barmaklaryny\u0148, da\u015fjagazlary\u0148, ta\u00fdajyklary\u0148 k\u00f6megi bilen sanapdyrlar. D\u00e4n\u00e4ni\u0148 mukdaryny, \u00fdoly\u0148 uzynlygyny \u00f6l\u00e7emek we \u015f.m., \u00fd\u00f6neke\u00fd drob sanlary atlandyrmaga we belgilem\u00e4ge, droblar \u00fcst\u00fcnde arifmetiki amallary \u00fderine \u00fdetirm\u00e4ge getiripdir. \u015ee\u00fdlelikde gadymy matematiki ylymy\u0148- arifmetikany\u0148 maglumatlary \u00fdygnalypdyr. Me\u00fddanlary we g\u00f6wr\u00fcmleri \u00f6l\u00e7emek, gurlu\u015fyk etmegi\u0148, has so\u0148lar\u2013astronomi\u00fdany\u0148 talaplary geometri\u00fdany\u0148 \u015finelerini\u0148 d\u00f6remegine getirip-dir. Has hem arifmetiki we geometriki bilimler gadymy M\u00fcs\u00fcrde we Wawilionda \u00f6s\u00fcpdir.<\/p>\n
2.Hemi\u015felik ululyklar (elementar) matematikasy d\u00f6wri bizi\u0144 eramyzdan \u00f6\u0144 VI-V asyrdan ba\u015flap bizi\u0144 eramyzy\u0144 XVII asyry \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdan d\u00f6wre \u00e7enli dowam ed\u00fd\u00e4r. By d\u00f6w\u00fcrde hemi\u015felik ululyklary \u00f6wrenmekde \u00fcst\u00fcnlikler gazanyldy. Matematika-ny\u0144 \u00f6wren\u00fd\u00e4n ob\u00fdektini\u0148 prosesler, hereketler we analitiki geometri\u00fda bolmagy, t\u00fcke-niksiz ki\u00e7i ululyklary\u0148 der\u0148ewini\u0148 \u00f6s\u00fcp ba\u015flamagy bilen bu d\u00f6w\u00fcr gutar\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Elementar matematika d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnjesi jedelli bolup h\u00e4zirki d\u00f6w\u00fcrde onu\u0148 umumy ykrar edilen kesgitlemesi bolmasa-da, wagt boyun\u00e7a \u015fe\u00fdle d\u00f6wr\u00fc\u0148 b\u00f6l\u00fcnip g\u00f6rkezil-megi \u00fderliklidir.<\/p>\n
Orta asyrlarda (VIII-XII asyrlar) Merkezi Azi\u00fdada ylym belent derej\u00e4 \u00fdetip, h\u00e4zirki T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 \u00fferle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fderi d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 medeni\u00fdtini\u0148 ojaklaryny\u0148 biri bolup- dyr. K\u00f6p taryhy \u00e7e\u015fmelerde ol \u00fderde i\u015fl\u00e4n ilde\u015flerimizi\u0148 \u00fdazan ylmy i\u015flerine arap matematiklerini\u0148 i\u015fleri di\u00fdlip atlandyryl\u00fdar. Arap dili bolsa d\u00f6wlet dili h\u00f6km\u00fcnde resminamalary, dini kitaplary, ylmy traktatlary we \u00e7eper-\u015fygyr eserlerini \u00fdazmakda gi\u0148den pe\u00fddalanylypdyr, \u00fda\u015fap ge\u00e7en alymlary\u0148 \u00e4hlisi i\u015flerini d\u00f6wlet dili bolan arap dilinde \u00fdazsalarda i\u015fler d\u00fcrli halklara degi\u015flidir.<\/p>\n
Orta asyr G\u00fcndogar alymlary matematikany, esasan hem algebrany\u0148 we trigo-nometri\u00fdany\u0148 \u00f6smegine uly go\u015fant go\u015fdylar.<\/p>\n
XII \u2013 XV asyrlarda \u00ddakyn we orta G\u00fcndogar \u00fdurtlarda alymlar, matematikler bilimini gadymy grekleri\u0148 we hindileri\u0148 eserlerinden alypdyrlar. Esasanam \u015fol d\u00f6w\u00fcrde \u00ddewklidi\u0148 kitaby gi\u0148den \u00fda\u00fdrapdyr, onlar\u00e7a gezek terjime edilipdir.<\/p>\n
3. \u00dc\u00fdtge\u00fd\u00e4n ululyklar matematikasyny\u0148 d\u00f6wri. Bu d\u00f6wr\u00fc\u0148 ba\u015flanmasy R. Dekarty\u0148 analitik geometri\u00fda \u00fc\u00fdtge\u00fd\u00e4n ululuklary girizilmegi we I. N\u00fdutony\u0148, G.W. Le\u00fdbnisi\u0148 i\u015flerinde differensial we integral hasaplamalary\u0148 d\u00f6redilmegi bilen h\u00e4si\u00fdetlendiril\u00fd\u00e4r. I.N\u00fduton we G.W. Le\u00fdbnis ilkinji gezek umumy g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fde t\u00e4ze operasion hasapla-malar \u00fc\u00e7in esasy funksi\u00fdalary differensirlem\u00e4ge we integrirlem\u00e4ge seredipdirler , bu operasi\u00fdalary\u0148 arasyndaky baglan\u015fygy g\u00f6rkezipdirler (\u00fdagny N\u00fduton\u2013Le\u00fdbnis for-mulasy) we olar \u00fc\u00e7in umumy birme\u0148ze\u015f algoritm i\u015fl\u00e4pdirler.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6w\u00fcr XIX asyry\u0148 ortalarynda tamamlan\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
4. H\u00e4zirki zaman matematikasyny\u0148 d\u00f6wri. Matematikada h\u00e4zirki zaman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnjesi hemi\u015fe gary\u015fdyryl\u00fdar. \u00dc\u00fdtge\u00fd\u00e4n ululuklar matematikasyny\u0148 we h\u00e4zirki zaman matematikasyny\u0148 d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerini\u0148 arasynda birn\u00e4\u00e7e t\u00e4ze d\u00f6w\u00fcrleri b\u00f6l\u00fcnip g\u00f6rkezilse dogry boljaklygy barada alymlary\u0148 arasynda d\u00fcrli pikirler bar. Emma bu i\u015f taryhy-matematiki i\u015flerde henize \u00e7enli edilmedi. XIX we XX asyrlarda matematiki usullar bilen gur\u015falyp alynan gi\u0148i\u015flik formalaryny\u0148 we hil gatna\u015fyklaryny\u0148 m\u00f6\u00e7beri \u00e7akdan a\u015fa gi\u0148eldi. K\u00f6p t\u00e4ze matematiki nazary\u00fdetler \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykdy, matematikany\u0148 pe\u00fddalanyly\u015fy g\u00f6rl\u00fcp e\u015fidilmedik \u00fdagda\u00fdda gi\u0148edi.<\/p>\n
Matematikany\u0148 \u00f6z\u00fcni\u0148 \u00f6smegi, ylmy\u0148 d\u00fcrli ugurlaryny\u0148 \u2015matematikala\u015fmagy, matematiki usullary\u0148 g\u00fcndelik i\u015f durmy\u015fymyza orna\u015fmagy, hasapla\u00fdy\u015f tehnikasyny\u0148 \u00f6r\u00e4n \u00e7alt depginde \u00f6smegi matematikany\u0148 \u00f6z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini\u0148 k\u00e4mil-le\u015fmegine we birn\u00e4\u00e7e t\u00e4ze matematiki ugurlary\u0148 a\u00e7ylmagyna getirdi. Olara mysal h\u00f6km\u00fcnde diskret matematikany, optimal dolandyry\u015fy, differensial o\u00fdunlary we \u015f.m. getirmek bolar.<\/p>\n
Lebap wela\u00fdatyny\u00f1 Farap etrabyny\u00f1 3-nji orta mekdebini\u00f1 matematika mugallymy.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Jumakuly\u00fdewa Hemrag\u00fcl<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Matematika da\u015f-t\u00f6weregimizi gur\u015fap alan d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 mukdar gatna\u015fyklaryny we gi\u0148i\u015flik formalaryny \u00f6wren\u00fd\u00e4r. Ine, bu bolsa matematikany\u0148 predmetidir. Matematikany\u0148 abstraktlygy onu\u0148 material hakykatdan \u00fcz\u0148eligini a\u0148latma\u00fdar. Tehnikany\u0148 we tebigy bilimleri\u0148 talaby bilen a\u00fdrylmaz baglan\u015fykda matematikany\u0148 \u00f6wren\u00fd\u00e4n mukdar gatna\u015fyklaryny\u0148 we gi\u0148i\u015flik formalaryny\u0148 gerimi \u00fczn\u00fcksiz gi\u0148e\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fdlelikde, \u00fdokarda getirlen matematikany\u0148 kesgitlemesi has ba\u00fd mazmun bilen dolduryl\u00fdar. \u201eMatematika\u2015 adalgasy grekleri\u0148 mathema […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":27371,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22776"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22776"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22776\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27369,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22776\/revisions\/27369"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}