Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoly Hyta\u00fdy Alynky Azi\u00fda we \u00ddewropa bilen baglany\u015fdyr\u00fdan s\u00f6wda kerwen \u00fdoludyr. Hyta\u00fdy\u0148 da\u015fary \u00fdurtlara \u00e7ykar\u00fdan harytlary di\u0148e bir \u00fd\u00fcpek mata bolmandyr. Olar da\u015fary \u00fdurtlara \u00e7a\u00fd, farfor, bezeg \u00fc\u00e7in bo\u00fdag, kagyz \u00f6n\u00fcmlerini hem \u00e7ykarypdyrlar. Bu harytlar \u00ddewropany\u0148 bazarlarynda ge\u00e7ginli eken. \u00dd\u00f6ne Hyta\u00fdy\u0148 esasy harytlaryny\u0148 \u00fd\u00fcpekdigini nazara alyp, bu s\u00f6wda \u00fdoluna \u2015Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoly di\u00fdip at beripdirler. Hyta\u00fd harytlary \u00fd\u00fczler\u00e7e \u00fdyllary\u0148 dowamynda Parfi\u00fda d\u00f6wletini\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcnden ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4n s\u00f6wda \u00fdollary arkaly grek-rim d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4sine \u00e4kidilipdir.<\/p>\n
Bu s\u00f6wda \u00fdoluny\u0148 ba\u015flangyjy Hyta\u00fd t\u00e4jiri, sy\u00fdahat\u00e7ysy \u00c7\u017ean Sz\u00fdany\u0148 ady bilen baglan\u015fykly bolupdyr. Hyta\u00fdlylar 5 m\u00fc\u0148 \u00fdyl mundan ozal \u00fd\u00fcpek gur\u00e7ugyndan \u00fd\u00fcpek almagy\u0148 usulyny tapypdyrlar. Hyta\u00fd t\u00e4jirleri \u00f6z harytlaryny Merkezi Azi\u00fdany\u0148 bazarly \u015f\u00e4herleri bolan Buharada, Amulda, Horezmde, Merwde we be\u00fdleki \u015f\u00e4herlerde \u00fderle\u015fdiripdirler. \u00dderli t\u00e4jirler bolsa harytlary Siri\u00fda, M\u00fcs\u00fcre, Wizanti\u00fda \u00fdetiripdirler. Hyta\u00fdlylar \u00fd\u00fcpegi \u00f6nd\u00fcrmekligi\u0148 usulyny k\u00f6p asyrlap gizlin saklan bolsalar-da, Merkezi Azi\u00fda we Orta\u00fder de\u0148zini\u0148 kenar\u00fdaka \u00fdurtlaryna \u00fd\u00fcpek\u00e7ilik d\u00fcrli \u00fdollar bilen \u00fda\u00fdrapdyr. B.e. VI asyryny\u0148 50-nji \u00fdyllarynda Wizanti\u00fdany\u0148 imperatory \u00ddustinian I dolandyran \u00fdyllarynda Wizanti\u00fda sy\u00fdahat\u00e7ylary Hyta\u00fddan \u00f6z hasalaryny\u0148 i\u00e7ini k\u00f6w\u00fcp, \u00fd\u00fcpek gur\u00e7uklaryny\u0148 tohumyny gizlinlikde alyp ga\u00fddypdyrlar. \u015eondan so\u0148 Wizanti\u00fdada hem \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00f6nd\u00fcrilipdir.<\/p>\n
Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoluny\u0148 birn\u00e4\u00e7e \u015fahalary bolup, olar d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 d\u00fcrli k\u00fcnjegine uzapdyr. Olary\u0148 biri Owganystany\u0148 \u00fcsti bilen Hindistana giden bolsa, be\u00fdlekisi Wolga der\u00fdasyny\u0148 \u00fcsti bilen G\u00fcndogar \u00ddewropa \u00fdurtlaryna gidipdir. Bu \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoly bilen Hyta\u00fdy\u0148, Hindistany\u0148 \u015fol sanda Merkezi Azi\u00fdany\u0148 harytlary hem gadymy rus \u015f\u00e4herlerine Ki\u00fdewe, Nowgoroda, Moskwa etirlipdir. Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoly halkara s\u00f6wda gatna\u015fyklaryny\u0148 \u00f6smeginde m\u00f6h\u00fcm \u00e4hmi\u00fdete e\u00fde bolup ba\u015flapdyr.<\/p>\n
Bizi\u0148 e\u00fd\u00fdamymyzdan \u00f6\u0148ki II-I asyrlarda \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoluny\u0148 ugrunda uly we kuwwatly Parfi\u00fda d\u00f6wleti \u00fderle\u015fipdir. S\u00f6wda \u00fdoluny\u0148 Parfi\u00fdany\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcnden ge\u00e7megi Rim bilen Hyta\u00fdy\u0148 aralygynda Parfi\u00fda d\u00f6wletini\u0148 kerwen \u00fdollary\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcnden agalyk etmegine m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik beripdir. Parfi\u00fda t\u00e4jirleri di\u0148e bir Hyta\u00fd harytlaryny satyn almak \u00fda-da ony g\u00fcnbatar \u00fdurtlaryna \u00e4kitmek bilen me\u015fgul bolman, e\u00fdsem \u00f6z harytlaryny hem satypdyrlar. Parfi\u00fda t\u00e4jirleri \u00f6z harytlaryny Siri\u00fdaly, Gresi\u00fdaly, Rimli we be\u00fdleki \u00ddewropaly t\u00e4jirlere sat\u00fdan ekenler. Parfi\u00fda kerwenleri g\u00fcnbatarda Siri\u00fda, Ermenistana, Palestina we M\u00fcs\u00fcre \u00e7enli baryp \u00fdetipdirler. Bu d\u00f6w\u00fcrde T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 \u00fderlerind\u00e4ki \u015f\u00e4herler hem s\u00f6wda \u00fdollarynda \u00fderle\u015fip, uly \u00e4hmi\u00fdete e\u00fde bolupdyrlar. Amyder\u00fdany\u0148 kenarynda \u00fderle\u015fen Amul (T\u00fcrkmenabat) \u015f\u00e4heri s\u00f6wda merkezlerini\u0148 birine \u00f6wr\u00fclipdir. Bu \u00fderden bir \u00fdol Owganystana we Hindistana, be\u00fdlekisi Horezme, \u00fdene bir \u00fdol bolsa Merwe ge\u00e7ipdir. Merw \u015f\u00e4heri \u015fu d\u00f6w\u00fcrde hem \u00fd\u00fcpek matalary, \u00fd\u00fcpek halylary bilen d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4de me\u015fhurlyk gazanypdyr. Merwden kerwen \u00fdollary Hyrada (Owganystana), K\u00f6ne\u00fcrgenje, Ni\u015fapura, uzapdyr. Merwden g\u00fcnorta ga\u00fddan kerwen \u00fdoly Sarahsa, Abiwerde (Kaka etraby) gelipdir. \u015eol \u00fderden \u00fdol \u00fdene-de ik\u00e4 b\u00f6l\u00fcnip, birisi Ni\u015fapura be\u00fdlekisi Etrek-G\u00fcrgen sebitlerine arala\u015fyp Dehistany\u0148 we G\u00fcrgeni\u0148 \u00fcsti bilen Kaspi de\u0148zini\u0148 g\u00fcnorta-g\u00fcndogar kenarlary bilen arap \u00fdurtlaryna arala\u015fypdyr. Dehistan g\u00fcnorta-g\u00fcnbatar T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 uly ykdysady, s\u00f6wda, h\u00fcn\u00e4rment\u00e7ilik we medeni merkezlerini\u0148 biri bolupdyr.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6w\u00fcrde Abiwerd \u2015Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoluny\u0148\u2016 ugrunda \u00fderle\u015fen demirgazyk Horasany\u0148 uly \u015f\u00e4herlerini\u0148 biri bolupdyr. Bu \u00fdere Horezmden, Margianadan, Dehistandan, Hindistandan \u00fd\u00fckli kerwenler gelip, s\u00f6wda-satyk i\u015flerini ge\u00e7iripdirler. Sarahs hem Ni\u015fapur bilen Merwi\u0148 arasyndaky iri \u015f\u00e4herleri\u0148 biri bolupdyr. Merwden \u00e7ykan kerwenler Sarahsa, so\u0148ra Ni\u015fapura, Abiwerde, Nusa\u00fda, Parawa we a\u0148yrlygyna Dehistana gidipdirler.<\/p>\n
Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoluny\u0148 ugrundaky i\u0148 uly \u015f\u00e4herleri\u0148 biri-de \u00dcrgen\u00e7-h\u00e4zirki K\u00f6ne\u00fcrgenji\u0148 etrap merkezinde \u00fderle\u015fen gadymy \u015f\u00e4herdir. \u00dcrgen\u00e7 di\u0148e bir Orta G\u00fcndogar \u00fdurtlary bilen d\u00e4l, e\u00fdsem \u00ddewropany\u0148 birn\u00e4\u00e7e \u015f\u00e4herleri bilen s\u00f6wda medeni gatna\u015fykda bolupdyr. Arheologlar K\u00f6ne\u00fcrgen\u00e7de \u00fdasalan gap-ga\u00e7lary Nowgorod \u015f\u00e4herinden tapypdyrlar. \u015ee\u00fdlelikde, Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoluny\u0148 ep-esli b\u00f6legi T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 gadymy topragyny\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcnden ge\u00e7ipdir.<\/p>\n
Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoluny\u0148 \u015fe\u00fdle uly taryhy \u00e4hmi\u00fdetini nazara alyp, \u00ddUNESKO-ny\u0148 karary bilen \u2015Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoly-geple\u015fikler \u00fdoly d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcni\u015fmek \u00fdoly di\u00fden at bilen d\u00f6redilen Halkara ylmy-g\u00f6zleg topary T\u00fcrkmenistanda 1989-1991-nji \u00fdyllarda i\u015flediler. Olar di\u0148e bir gadymy medeni\u00fdeti \u00f6wrenmek bilen \u00e7\u00e4klenm\u00e4n, e\u00fdsem bu \u00fdoly t\u00e4zeden dikeltmek meselelerini hem \u00f6wrendiler. Gara\u015fsyzlyk \u00fdyllary i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkmenistanda G\u00fcndogar bilen G\u00fcnbatary\u0148, Demirgazyk bilen G\u00fcnortany\u0148 aralygynda sy\u00fdasy, ykdysady medeni gatna\u015fyklary \u00f6sd\u00fcrmek \u00fc\u00e7in demir we gara \u00fdollar gurulyp \u2015Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoly t\u00e4zeden dikeldil\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
S.A.Ny\u00fdazow adyndaky T\u00fcrkmen oba hojalyk unwersitetini\u0148 Weterinar lukman\u00e7ylygy fakultetini\u0148 Weterinar lukman\u00e7ylygy h\u00fcn\u00e4rini\u00f1 2-nji \u00fdyl talyby.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoly Hyta\u00fdy Alynky Azi\u00fda we \u00ddewropa bilen baglany\u015fdyr\u00fdan s\u00f6wda kerwen \u00fdoludyr. Hyta\u00fdy\u0148 da\u015fary \u00fdurtlara \u00e7ykar\u00fdan harytlary di\u0148e bir \u00fd\u00fcpek mata bolmandyr. Olar da\u015fary \u00fdurtlara \u00e7a\u00fd, farfor, bezeg \u00fc\u00e7in bo\u00fdag, kagyz \u00f6n\u00fcmlerini hem \u00e7ykarypdyrlar. Bu harytlar \u00ddewropany\u0148 bazarlarynda ge\u00e7ginli eken. \u00dd\u00f6ne Hyta\u00fdy\u0148 esasy harytlaryny\u0148 \u00fd\u00fcpekdigini nazara alyp, bu s\u00f6wda \u00fdoluna \u2015Be\u00fdik \u00fd\u00fcpek \u00fdoly di\u00fdip […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22838"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22838"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22839,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22838\/revisions\/22839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}