Ozon gatlagy stratosferada g\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6hlelerini\u0148 kislorody\u0148 molekulasyna ed\u00fd\u00e4n t\u00e4sirinde fotoliz hadysasynda (g\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6hlesini\u0148 si\u0148dirilmegini\u0148 t\u00e4siri astynda maddany\u0148 molekulalaryny\u0148 \u00fc\u00fdtgemegi \u00f6wr\u00fclmegi) emele gelipdir. Bu hadysa \u00fczn\u00fcksiz dowam edip, kislorody\u0148 O2 molekulalary a\u00fdratyn atomlara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4rler, ol atomlar hem \u00f6z gezeginde kislorody\u0148 dargamadyk molekulalary (molekul\u00fdar kislorod) bilen birle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4rler we \u015fonu\u0148 netijesinde ozon emele gel\u00fd\u00e4r. Ozon gatlagy janly-jandarlary g\u00fcn\u00fc\u0148 \u00fditi (gazaply) UM \u015f\u00f6hlelenmelerinden gora\u00fdan \u00f6zbolu\u015fly, galkan (\u00f6rt\u00fck) bolup hyzmat ed\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Atmosferadaky ozon (tolkun uzynlygy 320 nm bolan) UM \u015f\u00f6hlelenmelerini si\u0148dirmek bilen, adamlary, \u00f6s\u00fcmlikleri we ha\u00fdwanlary \u00fdok bolup gitmekden halas ed\u00fd\u00e4r we sa\u00fd\u00fdarda \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdy\u015fy saklamakda \u00f6r\u00e4n m\u00f6h\u00fcm orny e\u00fdele\u00fd\u00e4r. \u00dderi\u0148 \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u00fda\u015fa\u00fd\u015fy\u0148 ony g\u00fcn\u00fc\u0148 ultramelew\u015fe (UM) \u015f\u00f6hlelenmesini\u0148 hel\u00e4kle\u00fdji t\u00e4sirinden gorap saklap biler \u00fdaly \u00fdeterlik derejede kuwwatly bolan ozon \u201cgalkany\u201d d\u00f6r\u00e4nden so\u0148 \u00f6sendigini \u015fu g\u00fcn anyklandy di\u00fdip hasap edil\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Ozon gatlagyny\u0148 (ozonosferany\u0148) i\u0148 uly toplanmasy \u00fder togalagyndan 20-25 km be\u00fdiklikde \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4r. Atmosferdaky ozony\u0148 90%-i stratosferany\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerinde \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4r. Stratosfera ozony, esasan, UM \u015f\u00f6hlelenmeleri\u0148 hasabyna emele gel\u00fd\u00e4r. Onu\u0148 emele geli\u015f tizligi g\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6hlelenmelerini\u0148 kuwwatyna baglydyr.<\/p>\n
\u015eol bir wagty\u0148 \u00f6z\u00fcnde atmosfera tebigy \u00fdol bilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fd\u00e4n we \u00f6z\u00fcnde kislorod, azot, wodorod we hlor \u00fda-da brom sakla\u00fdan birle\u015fmeleri\u0148 t\u00e4siri bilen ozony\u0148 dargamagy bolup ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4r. Emma so\u0148ky on \u00fdyllyklary\u0148 dowamynda adamy\u0148 i\u015fi netijesinde ozony\u0148 molekulalaryny\u0148 d\u00f6remegini\u0148 we dargamagyny\u0148 arasyndaky ygtybarsyz de\u0148agramlyk bozuldy. \u00d6z\u00fcnde hlor-ftor, uglewodorodlary sakla\u00fdan himiki maddalary atmosfera go\u015fma\u00e7a zy\u0148mak bilen, biz ozony\u0148 dargamagyna we onu\u0148 stratosferadaky mukdaryny\u0148 azalmagyna \u201c\u00fdardam\u201d ed\u00fd\u00e4ris. Sowadyjy (holodilnikler, kondisionerler) we aerozolly enjamlar i\u015fl\u00e4n mahalynda hlor-ftor metanlary b\u00f6lip \u00e7ykar\u00fdandygyny, mineral d\u00f6k\u00fcnleri\u0148 darga\u00fdandygyny, azody\u0148 zakisini b\u00f6l\u00fcnip \u00e7yk\u00fdandygyny, awtoulag seri\u015fdelerini\u0148 zy\u0148yndylarynda ulewodorodlary\u0148 bardygyny g\u00f6z \u00f6\u0148\u00fcnde tutmalydyrys.<\/p>\n
Ozon gatlagyny\u0148 \u00fdukalmagy ilkinji gezek 1985-nji \u00fdylda, ha\u00e7an-da Antarktidada \u201cOzon de\u015figi\u201d di\u00fdilip at berlen, ozony\u0148 toplanmasyny\u0148 (50 % \u00e7enli) peselen gi\u0148i\u015fligini\u0148 bardygyny anyklanylanda, gi\u0148 jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7iligi\u0148 \u00fcns\u00fcni \u00f6z\u00fcne \u00e7ekdi. \u015eondan b\u00e4ri sa\u00fd\u00fdary\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcni\u0148 \u00e4hli \u00fderinde di\u00fden \u00fdaly ozon gatlagyny\u0148 \u00fdukal\u00fdandygyna \u00f6l\u00e7egler g\u00fcw\u00e4 ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4rler. Ozony\u0148 mukdaryny\u0148 azalmagy atmosferany\u0148 \u00fderde janly jandarlary\u0148 \u00fditi UM \u015f\u00f6hlelerden goramak ukybyny gow\u015fad\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Janly-jandarlar UM \u015f\u00f6hlelenmelerine gaty ejiz, durumsyz bol\u00fdarlar. \u015eol seb\u00e4pli ozony\u0148 mukdaryny\u0148 peselen \u00fderinde k\u00f6p sanly g\u00fcne \u00fdanmalary\u0148 du\u015f gelmegi, deri, d\u00fcwn\u00fck keselli adamlary\u0148 k\u00f6pelmegi we be\u00fdlekiler \u00fd\u00f6ne \u00fderden (t\u00f6t\u00e4nden) d\u00e4ldir. Olardan ba\u015fga-da, g\u00f6z kesellerini\u0148 (katarakta we be\u00fdlekiler) \u00fda\u00fdba\u0148lan\u00fdandygy, z\u00e4herlenmezlik ukybyny\u0148 (immuna) ulgamyny\u0148 basylmagy (\u00fdok edilmegi) we \u015f.m. keselleri\u0148 k\u00f6pelmegi m\u00fcmkin.<\/p>\n
\u015eonu\u0148 \u00fdaly-da g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7li UM \u015f\u00f6hlelenmelerini\u0148 t\u00e4siri bilen \u00f6s\u00fcmlikleri\u0148 fotosinteze bolan ukyplaryny \u00fditir\u00fd\u00e4ndikleri, onu\u0148 planktona (suwda ygyp \u00fd\u00f6renler-suwu\u0148 d\u00fcrli gatlaklarynda mejalsyz (passiw) \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fcp \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan hem-de uzak aralyklara \u00f6zba\u015fdak hereketlenip bilm\u00e4ge ukyby bolmadyk jandarlar suwotylar, \u00fd\u00f6neke\u00fdjeler, k\u00e4bir le\u0148\u0148e\u00e7\u015fekilliler, moll\u00fduskalar we ba\u015fg.) zy\u00fdanly t\u00e4sirini\u0148 bolsa suw ekoulgamlaryny\u0148 we \u015f.m. \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdy\u015f \u015fertlerini\u0148 \u00fc\u00fdtgemegine getir\u00fd\u00e4ndigini anyklady. Olardan ba\u015fga-da de\u0148iz fitoplanktony CO2-ni\u0148 esasy si\u0148dirjisidir we o\u0148a UM \u015f\u00f6hlelenmeleri\u0148 islendik t\u00e4siri CO2-ni\u0148 gelejekde \u00f6zini alyp bar\u015fyny\u0148 me\u00fdillerine we degi\u015flilikde klimata t\u00e4sir etmegi m\u00fcmkin.<\/p>\n
UM \u015f\u00f6hlelenmeleri\u0148 hemi\u015fe g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7lenmekligi halkara bilele\u015fiklerini d\u00fczg\u00fcnle\u015fdirji \u00e7\u00e4releri kabul etm\u00e4ge k\u00f6p derejede itergi berdi.<\/p>\n
\u00ddUNEP (UNEP)-i\u0148 (BMG-ni\u0148 da\u015fky gur\u015faw bo\u00fdun\u00e7a maksatnamasy) ba\u015flangyjy bo\u00fdun\u00e7a 1982-nji \u00fdylda \u00fdanwar a\u00fdynda ozon gatlagyny goramak baradaky \u00e7\u00e4kli d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 ylala\u015fygyny i\u015fl\u00e4p ta\u00fd\u00fdarlamak \u00fc\u00e7in \u00fd\u00f6rite toparyny\u0148 (ekspertlerini\u0148) ilkinji maslahaty ozon krizisini\u0148 \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykmagyna d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7ilgini\u0148 jogaby boldy. 1985-nji \u00fdyly\u0148 no\u00fdabr a\u00fdynda ozon gatlagyny goramak barada Wena ylala\u015fygy (Konwensi\u00fdasy) kabul edildi.1987-nji \u00fdyly\u0148 sent\u00fdabr a\u00fdynda ozon gatlagyny dargadyjy maddalar bo\u00fdun\u00e7anMonreal be\u00fdanyna gol \u00e7ekildi. T\u00fcrkmenistan 1994-nji \u00fdylda bu \u00f6r\u00e4n m\u00f6h\u00fcm resminamalara gol \u00e7ekdi we olary tassyklady.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkmenistanda 1993-nji \u00fdyldan ba\u015flap ozony\u0148 umumy mukdaryny\u0148 (OUM) orta\u00e7a \u00fdyllyk klimatik kadalardan o\u0148a\u00fdsyz gy\u015farmalary\u0148 bol\u00fdandygy barada netije \u00e7ykarmaga m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik bar. Bu \u00fdagda\u00fdda a\u00fdratyn hem tomus d\u00f6wri has gowy bildir\u00fd\u00e4r. 1995-nji \u00fdylda OUM gy\u015fda 13-16 %, tomusda bolsa, 15-18 % azal\u00fdandygy alymlar optiki usullar arkaly takykladylar. Bu \u00fdagda\u00fd howadaky ozon gatlagyny\u0148 \u00fdagda\u00fdyna mundan be\u00fdl\u00e4k yzygiderli g\u00f6zeg\u00e7ilik edilmegini\u0148 zerurdygyny g\u00f6rkez\u00fd\u00e4r. T\u00fcrkmenistan ozon dargadyjy maddalary (ODM), \u015fe\u00fdle hem Monreal be\u00fdanyny\u0148 t\u00e4sirine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fd\u00e4n maddalary \u00fda-da ulanyl\u00fdan enjamlary \u00f6nd\u00fcrme\u00fd\u00e4r we da\u015fary \u00fdurtlara \u00e7ykarma\u00fdar. T\u00fcrkmenistanda nebit we gazly gu\u00fdular \u00f6z-\u00f6z\u00fcnden \u00fdanan \u00fdada olarda \u00fdangyn d\u00f6r\u00e4n mahaly, ody s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmekligi\u0148 ODM pe\u00fddalanma\u00fdan usullary ulanyl\u00fdar. H\u00e4zirki d\u00f6w\u00fcrde T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 azyk senagaty k\u00e4rhanalaryny\u0148 k\u00f6p\u00fcsi sowad\u00fdan (i\u015f\u00e7i) madda h\u00f6km\u00fcnde ammiak pe\u00fddalanyl\u00fdan sowadyjy enjamlary ulanmaklyga ge\u00e7diler.<\/p>\n
Adamy\u0148 hojalyk i\u015fini\u0148 depgini\u0148 tizle\u015fmegi netijesinde da\u015fky gur\u015fawu\u0148 \u00f6zgeri\u015flere sezewar bol\u00fdandygyny so\u0148ky on\u00fdyllyklarda a\u0148lap ba\u015fladylar. Emma jemgy\u00fdeti\u0148 ykdysady ta\u00fddan \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fi da\u015fky gur\u015fawy\u0148 de\u0148agramlylygyny bozman, adamzady\u0148 tebigy ba\u00fdlyklardan rejeli pe\u00fddalanmagy\u0148 t\u00e4ze, tebigat hem-de adamzat \u00fc\u00e7in b\u00e4hbitli \u00fdollara ge\u00e7megi zerurdyr.<\/p>\n
Bu m\u00f6h\u00fcm \u00fdolu\u0148 d\u00fc\u00fdbi baryp 1972-nji \u00fdylda BMG-ny\u0148 Stokgolm konferensi\u00fdasynda (113 \u00fdurdu\u0148 wekillerini\u0148 gatna\u015fmagynda) tutuldy. Konferensi\u00fdada da\u015fky gur\u015fawy goramak barada \u00fd\u00f6rite Jarnama (Deklarasi\u00fda) kabul edilip, i\u00fdun a\u00fdyny\u0148 5-i da\u015fky gur\u015fawy (tebigaty) goramagy\u0148 Halkara g\u00fcni di\u00fdip yglan edildi. 1983-nji \u00fdylda bolsa, BMG da\u015fky gur\u015fawy goramak bo\u00fdun\u00e7a b\u00fctind\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 i\u015f\u00e7i toparyny d\u00f6retdi (topary\u0148 ba\u015flygyny\u0148 adyna g\u00f6r\u00e4 atlandyrlan Bruntlandy\u0148 i\u015f topary). 1992-nji \u00fdylda BMG-ny\u0148 da\u015fky gur\u015faw we \u00f6s\u00fc\u015f bo\u00fdun\u00e7a Rio-de-Zane\u00fdrada (179 \u00fdurdu\u0148 wekillerini\u0148 gatna\u015fmagynda) ge\u00e7irilen konferensi\u00fdada be\u00fdleki m\u00f6h\u00fcm resminamalary\u0148 hatarynda BMG-ny\u0148 Klimaty\u0148 \u00fc\u00fdtgemegi baradaky \u00c7\u00e4klendiriji Konwensi\u00fdasy (BMG\/K\u00dc\u00c7K) kabul edildi. Bu m\u00f6h\u00fcm resminamany\u0148 esasy maksady atmosferadaky pamik gazlaryny\u0148 toplanmagyny\u0148 bir derejede dumuklanmagyny gazanmak, \u00fdagny klimat ulgamyna adamy\u0148 t\u00e4sirini\u0148 howply bolmagyna \u00fdol bermezligini gazanmakdan ybaratdyr.<\/p>\n
Klimaty\u0148 \u00fc\u00fdtgemegini\u0148 meselelerini \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00e4ge g\u00f6n\u00fckdirilen \u00fdene-de bir ylala\u015fyk 1997-nji \u00fdyly\u0148 dekabr a\u00fdyny\u0148 11-inde kabul edilen, BMG-ny\u0148 \u00c7\u00e4klendiriji Konwensi\u00fdasyna go\u015fma\u00e7a kabul edilen Kioto be\u00fdanydyr. Ol d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni\u0148 d\u00f6wletleri tarapyndan ykdysady we ekologi\u00fda meselelerini bilelikde \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00e4ge \u00e7emele\u015fmeleri\u0148, \u00fdagny d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 m\u00f6\u00e7berinde \u00fda\u00fdba\u0148landyrylmagyny\u0148 netijesi boldy.<\/p>\n
Gara\u015fsyz Baky Bitarap T\u00fcrkmenistan 1995-nji \u00fdylda BMGny\u0148 Klimaty\u0148 \u00fc\u00fdtgemegi barada \u00c7\u00e4klendiriji Konwensi\u00fdasyny, 1998-nji \u00fdylda bolsa Kioto be\u00fdanyny tassyklady. T\u00fcrkmenistan bu ylala\u015fyk bo\u00fdun\u00e7a bor\u00e7laryny \u00fderine \u00fdetirmegi\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerinde 1994-nji \u00fdyl \u00fc\u00e7in parnik gazlaryny t\u00fckellemeklik i\u015fi ge\u00e7irildi. \u015eonu\u0148 \u00fdaly-da klimaty\u0148 \u00fc\u00fdtgemegi barada ilkinji milli habar, degi\u015fli meseleler bilen me\u015fgul bol\u00fdan alymlar tarapyndan ta\u00fd\u00fdarlanyldy we \u00e7ap edildi. \u015ee\u00fdlelikde T\u00fcrkmenistanda klimaty\u0148 \u00fc\u00fdtgemek meselelerini \u00e7\u00f6zmek we onu\u0148 netijelerini \u00fdum\u015fatmak bo\u00fdun\u00e7a uly i\u015fler amala a\u015fyryl\u00fdar:<\/p>\n
A\u015fgabatda 2007-nji \u00fdyly\u0148 fewral a\u00fdyny\u0148 26-synda, mart a\u00fdyny\u0148 2-sine \u00e7enli G\u00fcnbatar \u00ddewropa we Merkezi Azi\u00fda \u00fdurtlaryny\u0148 sebit bo\u00fdun\u00e7a ulgamyny\u0148 6-njy mejlisi ge\u00e7irildi. Bu maslahaty \u00fderi\u0148 atmosferasyny\u0148 ozon gatlagyny we\u00fdran ed\u00fd\u00e4n maddalar bo\u00fdun\u00e7a Monreal teswirnamasyny \u00fderine \u00fdetirmegi\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerinde sebiti\u0148 da\u015fky gur\u015fawyny goramak sy\u00fdasatyna degi\u015fli wajyp \u00e4hmi\u00fdetli meselelere seredildi. Bu maslahat BMG-ny\u0148 da\u015fky gur\u015faw bo\u00fdun\u00e7a maksatnamasy (UNEP), \u00fdurdumyzy\u0148 T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 Da\u015fky gur\u015fawy goramak we \u00fder seri\u015fdeleri baradaky d\u00f6wlet komitetini\u0148 we T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 Milli ozon merkezi bilen bilelikde guraldy.<\/p>\n
Maslahaty\u0148 dowamynda \u00fderi\u0148 atmosferasyny\u0148 ozon gatlagyny\u0148 saklanmagyna g\u00f6n\u00fckdirilen \u00e7\u00e4releri\u0148 we teklipleri\u0148 toplumy i\u015flenip d\u00fcz\u00fcldi. T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 toplan tejribesi bu ulgama gatna\u015fyjy \u00fdurtlarda amala a\u015fyryl\u00fdan taslamalar bilen sazla\u015fykly utga\u015fdyrlyp, sebiti\u0148 ekologik howpsuzlygyny pugtalandyrmakda \u00fcst\u00fcnlikli ulanyp biliner.<\/p>\n
S\u00e4hedowa G\u00fclalek<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n D\u00f6wletm\u00e4mmet Azady adyndaky T\u00fcrkmen milli d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 dilleri institutyny\u0148 G\u00fcndogar dilleri we edebi\u00fdaty fakultetini\u0148 T\u00fcrkmen dili we edebi\u00fdaty h\u00fcn\u00e4rini\u0148 4-nji \u00fdyl talyby <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ozon gatlagy stratosferada g\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6hlelerini\u0148 kislorody\u0148 molekulasyna ed\u00fd\u00e4n t\u00e4sirinde fotoliz hadysasynda (g\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6hlesini\u0148 si\u0148dirilmegini\u0148 t\u00e4siri astynda maddany\u0148 molekulalaryny\u0148 \u00fc\u00fdtgemegi \u00f6wr\u00fclmegi) emele gelipdir. Bu hadysa \u00fczn\u00fcksiz dowam edip, kislorody\u0148 O2 molekulalary a\u00fdratyn atomlara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4rler, ol atomlar hem \u00f6z gezeginde kislorody\u0148 dargamadyk molekulalary (molekul\u00fdar kislorod) bilen birle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4rler we \u015fonu\u0148 netijesinde ozon emele gel\u00fd\u00e4r. Ozon gatlagy janly-jandarlary g\u00fcn\u00fc\u0148 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22859"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22859"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22860,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22859\/revisions\/22860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}