Ylmy ta\u00fddan esaslandyrylan toprak bejergisi ekeran\u00e7ylyk ulgamyny\u0148 wajyp \u00e7\u00e4relerinden birisi bolmak bilen topragy gurplandyrmakda, oba hojalyk ekinlerini\u0148 yzygiderli artyrmakda we ekeran\u00e7ylygy\u0148 medeni\u00fdetini \u00f6r\u00e4n uly \u00e4hmi\u00fdete e\u00fdedir.<\/p>\n
Toprak bejergisi di\u00fdilip, \u00f6sd\u00fcrilip \u00fdeti\u015fdiril\u00fd\u00e4n ekinler \u00fc\u00e7in has \u00fdaramly toprak \u015fertlerini d\u00f6retmek maksady bilen toprak bejeriji gurallar we ma\u015fynlar arkaly, o\u0148a mehaniki t\u00e4sir etmekligine a\u00fddyl\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Toprak bejergisi \u00f6z g\u00f6zba\u015fyny ilkidurmu\u015f jemgi\u00fdetinden alyp ga\u00fdd\u00fdar. Onu\u0148 \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fini\u0148 ilkinji d\u00f6wr\u00fcnde toprak bejergisini\u0148 \u00f6\u0148\u00fcnde di\u0148e bir maksat bolupdyr. Ol hem ekiljek ekinleri\u0148 tohumlaryny topraga g\u00f6mmek \u00fc\u00e7in onu\u0148 \u00fd\u00fczki gatyny a\u00e7mak (\u00fdyrtmak) bolupdyr.<\/p>\n
Adamlary\u0148 ekeran\u00e7ylyk \u00f6n\u00fcmlerine bolan islegini\u0148 barha artmagy we olary\u0148 a\u0148yny\u0148 \u00f6smegi bilen toprak bejergisine bolan talaplary hem artyp ba\u015fla\u00fdar. Emma mu\u0148a garamazdan ekeran\u00e7yny\u0148 a\u0148y ent\u00e4k k\u00f6p zatlara \u00fdetme\u00fd\u00e4r. \u00dda\u0148y tohum \u00fdere d\u00fc\u015fende ondan g\u00f6gerip \u00e7ykan \u00f6s\u00fcmlik bilen topragy\u0148 arasynda n\u00e4hili hadysalary\u0148 bolup ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4ndigine ol ent\u00e4k g\u00f6z \u00fdetirip bilme\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Ilkinji toprak bejeriji gurallar hem \u00f6r\u00e4n \u00fd\u00f6neke\u00fd bolupdyr. Adamlar iri ha\u00fdwanlary\u0148 s\u00fc\u0148klerini, aga\u00e7dan \u00fdasalan oma\u00e7alary we k\u00fcndeleri \u015fe\u00fdle hem ujy \u00e7\u00fcreldilen da\u015flary pe\u00fddalanypdyrlar. \u015eol gurallary\u0148 k\u00f6megi bilen topragy\u0148 \u00fcstki gatlagyny \u00fd\u00fczle\u00fdje \u00fdum\u015fatmak we \u00fdalpajyk ke\u015fjagazlar \u00e7ekipdirler.<\/p>\n
Wagty\u0148 ge\u00e7megi we ekeran\u00e7ylyk \u00fdyly\u0148 \u00fdylyna ga\u00fdtalanyp durmagy bilen toprak bejeriji gurallar hem kem-kemden t\u00e4mizleni\u015fip ba\u015fla\u00fdar we pil hem-de k\u00e4tmen \u00fdaly gurallar \u00fduze \u00e7yk\u00fdar. Ol bolsa bejeril\u00fdan zolagy gi\u0148eltm\u00e4ge we \u00e7u\u0148la\u015fdyrmaga \u00fdardam ed\u00fdar. Netijede topragy\u0148 owrany\u015fyny we \u00fdum\u015fa\u00fd\u015fyny gowulandyrmaga, ony agdarmaga we ha\u015fal otlary kesm\u00e4ge m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik d\u00f6re\u00fd\u00e4r. So\u0148a bakan \u00fd\u00f6neke\u00fdr\u00e4k hem bolsa tejrib\u00e4ni\u0148 toplanmagy we ekeran\u00e7yny\u0148 a\u0148y \u00f6smegi bilen ol toprak bejergisini\u0148 hili bilen \u00f6s\u00fcmliklerden alyn\u00fdan hasyly\u0148 arasynda g\u00f6niden-g\u00f6ni arabaglan\u015fygyny\u0148 bardygyna g\u00f6z \u00fdetirip ba\u015fla\u00fdar. Seb\u00e4bi bejeril\u00fd\u00e4n gatlak birneme \u00e7u\u0148la\u015fyp onu\u0148 hili gowula\u015fdygy\u00e7a hasyl hem artyp ba\u015fla\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Ilki d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerde toprak bejeriji gurallary adamlar \u00f6z g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7leri bilen \u00e7eken bolsalar, so\u0148a bakan \u00fder s\u00fcrmek \u00fc\u00e7in \u00f6\u00fd ha\u00fdwanlaryny ullanyp ba\u015fla\u00fdar. Bu bolsa toprak bejeriji gurallary\u0148 \u00f6\u0148k\u00e4 g\u00f6r\u00e4 k\u00e4mille\u015fmegine \u00fdardam ed\u00fd\u00e4r. Netijede k\u00fcnne \u00fdaly \u00fder s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fd\u00e4n gurallar, so\u0148a baka bolsa azal \u00fduze \u00e7ykyp ba\u015fla\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Azally bejergi m\u00fc\u0148ler\u00e7e \u00fdyllar b\u00e4ri dowam edip gel\u00fd\u00e4r. Ol ilkinji gezek gadymy Rimde d\u00f6r\u00e4pdir. \u015eolar azallar \u00ddewropada XIX asyry\u0148 ba\u015flarynda ulanylyp ba\u015fla\u00fdar. H\u00e4zirki zamanda ulanyl\u00fdan hemme tarapla\u00fdyn k\u00e4mille\u015fen azallary\u0148 esasyny d\u00fcz\u00fd\u00e4n hem Rim azallarydyr. So\u0148ra ol azallar birn\u00e4\u00e7e \u00f6zgermelere sezewar edilipdir. Azaly\u0148 k\u00e4mille\u015fmegi we ondan ba\u015fga-da birn\u00e4\u00e7e go\u015fma\u00e7a toprak bejeriji gurallary\u0148 \u00fduze c\u00fdkmagy h\u00e4zirki zamanda toprak bejergisini\u0148 usullaryny\u0148 k\u00e4mille\u015fmegini\u0148 we bejergini\u0148 hilini\u0148 \u00fdokarlanmagyna alyp geldi.<\/p>\n
Toprak bejergisi uzak wagtlary\u0148 dowamynda di\u0148e bir \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00e7ilik ta\u00fddan bolman, e\u00fdsem ylmy ta\u00fddan \u00f6wrenilip gelindi. Toprak bejergisi barada ylmy taglymaty\u0148 \u00f6smeginde Doku\u00e7a\u00fdewi\u0148, Kosty\u00e7\u00fdewi\u0148, Yzmailskini\u0148, Wil\u00fdamsy\u0148, Tula\u00fdkowu\u0148 we ba\u015fga-da birn\u00e4\u00e7e rus alymlaryny\u0148 ge\u00e7iren i\u015flerini\u0148 \u00e4hmi\u00fdeti \u00f6r\u00e4n uludur. T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 \u015fertlerinde hem toprak bejergisi onlar\u00e7a \u00fdyllary\u0148 dowamynda \u00f6wrenilip gelin\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu babatda uniwersitetimizi\u0148 garamagyndaky ekeran\u00e7ylyk ylmy-barlag institutyny\u0148 we onu\u0148 wela\u00fdatlardaky tejribe stan\u00fdalaryny\u0148 ge\u00e7iren der\u0148ewleri we olary\u0148 netijesinde alynan ylmy maglumatlar bizi\u0148 \u00fdurdumyzda toprak\u00e7ylyk ylmyny\u0148 \u00f6smeginde uly \u00e4hmi\u00fdete e\u00fdedir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00ddagmyrowa Nurana,<\/i><\/b><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkmen oba hojalyk institutyny\u00f1 talyby.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ylmy ta\u00fddan esaslandyrylan toprak bejergisi ekeran\u00e7ylyk ulgamyny\u0148 wajyp \u00e7\u00e4relerinden birisi bolmak bilen topragy gurplandyrmakda, oba hojalyk ekinlerini\u0148 yzygiderli artyrmakda we ekeran\u00e7ylygy\u0148 medeni\u00fdetini \u00f6r\u00e4n uly \u00e4hmi\u00fdete e\u00fdedir. Toprak bejergisi di\u00fdilip, \u00f6sd\u00fcrilip \u00fdeti\u015fdiril\u00fd\u00e4n ekinler \u00fc\u00e7in has \u00fdaramly toprak \u015fertlerini d\u00f6retmek maksady bilen toprak bejeriji gurallar we ma\u015fynlar arkaly, o\u0148a mehaniki t\u00e4sir etmekligine a\u00fddyl\u00fdar. Toprak bejergisi \u00f6z g\u00f6zba\u015fyny […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":23369,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23363"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23363"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25132,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23363\/revisions\/25132"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}