Gahryman Arkadagymyzy\u0148, Arkadagly Gahryman Serdarymyzy\u0148 \u00fdolba\u015f\u00e7ylygynda ta\u00fdsyz tagallalary bilen ata Watanymyz T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 ge\u00e7mi\u015f taryhyny, mirasyny \u00f6wrenmek we ony dikeltmek \u00fc\u00e7in k\u00f6p i\u015fler edil\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Gahryman Arkadagymyz \u015fe\u00fdle bell\u00e4p ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4r: \u201c32 \u00fdyl mundan \u00f6\u0148 Hyta\u00fd bilen T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 arasynda diplomatik gatna\u015fyklary \u00fdola go\u00fdlandan so\u0148 bu iki \u00fdurdu\u0148 arasyndaky gatna\u015fyklar sagdyn we durnukly \u00fdagda\u00fdda \u00f6smegini dowam etdir\u00fd\u00e4r we strategiki hyzmatda\u015flyk \u00fdokary derej\u00e4 \u00fdet\u00fd\u00e4r. Hyta\u00fd Halk Respublikasy t\u00fcrkmen-hyta\u00fd gatna\u015fyklaryna strategiki we uzak m\u00f6hletle\u00fdin nukda\u00fdnazardan sered\u00fd\u00e4r, T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 \u00f6s\u00fc\u015f \u00fdoluna hormat go\u00fd\u00fdar. \u015ee\u00fdle hem T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 i\u00e7erki we da\u015farky sy\u00fdasatyny golda\u00fdar. T\u00fcrkmen halky bu iki d\u00f6wleti\u0148 gazanan dostlukly gatna\u015fyklaryna bu\u00fdsan\u00fdar. D\u00fcrli ugurlarda netijeli hyzmatda\u015flyklar d\u00f6redil\u00fd\u00e4r, jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7ilik guramalary\u0148, medeni we ylmy i\u015fg\u00e4rleri\u0148 arasyndaky gatna\u015fyklar barha gi\u0148e\u00fd\u00e4r\u201d (alan \u00fderi\u0148i g\u00f6rkezmeli). Biz talyp \u00fda\u015flara da\u015fary \u00fdurt dillerini \u00f6wrenmekde uly m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilikler d\u00f6redildi.<\/p>\n
Hyta\u00fd dilini\u0148 wajyp meselelerini\u0148 biri-de hyta\u00fd dilinde idiomatik s\u00f6zlerdir. Idiomatik s\u00f6zler g\u00f6\u00e7me manyly s\u00f6zler di\u00fdmekdir. \u015eol g\u00f6\u00e7me manyly s\u00f6zleri\u0148 \u00fda-da idiomatik s\u00f6zleri\u0148 k\u00f6p b\u00f6legi \u015fu wagta \u00e7enli gadymy manysyny saklap gel\u00fd\u00e4r. Hyta\u00fd dilini\u0148 g\u00f6\u00e7me manyly s\u00f6zlerini \u00f6wrenmek hyta\u00fd medeni\u00fdetine, \u00fdazyly\u015fy\u0148 nusgawy usulyna gi\u0148i\u015fle\u00fdin we \u00e7u\u0148\u0148ur d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00e4ge \u00fdardam ed\u00fd\u00e4r. Ikinjiden, s\u00f6zleri\u0148 k\u00f6p\u00fcsi g\u00f6ni manyda hem gel\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015eol bir wagty\u0148 \u00f6z\u00fcnde g\u00f6\u00e7me manyly s\u00f6zler adamy\u0148 \u00fdazuw derejesini \u00fdokarlandyryp, adamy\u0148 s\u00f6zle\u00fdi\u015f medeni\u00fdetini hem artdyryp biler.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6\u00e7me manyly s\u00f6zleri \u00f6wrenmek her bir adamy\u0148 pa\u00fdhasly d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmegine k\u00f6mek ed\u00fd\u00e4ndigi hakykat. Onda, g\u00f6\u00e7me manyly s\u00f6zleri \u00f6wrenmegi\u0148 maksady n\u00e4me? G\u00f6\u00e7me manyly s\u00f6zleri \u00f6wrenmegi\u0148 we ony netijeli pe\u00fddalanmagy\u0148 \u00e4hmi\u00fdetini g\u00f6z \u00f6\u0148\u00fcnde tutup, g\u00f6\u00e7me manyly s\u00f6zleri b\u00e4\u015f topara b\u00f6l\u00fcp bolar:<\/p>\n
Birinjiden, k\u00f6p sanly g\u00f6\u00e7me manyly s\u00f6zleri\u0148 d\u00f6re\u00fd\u015fi taryhy heka\u00fdalar we alynma s\u00f6zler bilen baglany\u015fyklydyr. K\u00f6p g\u00f6\u00e7me manyly s\u00f6zleri\u0148 \u00fcsti bilen taryhy heka\u00fdalary \u00f6wrenip bol\u00fdar. Mysal \u00fc\u00e7in, Sunzini\u0148 a\u00fdtmagyna g\u00f6r\u00e4, bize Liu Xiahui\u0148 ahlakly adam bolup, bir gezek ahlak h\u00e4si\u00fdetine s\u00e4hel\u00e7e t\u00e4sir etmezden bir a\u00fdaly gujagynda saklandygy a\u00fddyl\u00fdar we bulam-bujar bolmazdan hereket etm\u00e4n oturandygy hakynda heka\u00fdasy bar. Ol heka\u00fda \u00fda rowa\u00fdat h\u00e4zirki wagtda idioma \u00f6wr\u00fclipdir. Rowa\u00fdata g\u00f6r\u00e4, \u00fdaz we g\u00fc\u00fdz pasyllaryny\u0148 dowamynda bir sowuk gijede Lu \u015ftatyny\u0148 Guomende di\u00fden \u00fderinde Liu Siahuwe\u00fdi\u0148 \u00f6\u00fd\u00fcni\u0148 t\u00f6wereginde \u00fda\u015famaga \u00fderi bolmadyk bir gyz bolupdyr. Liu Siahuwe\u00fdi gara\u0148ky gijede gyzy\u0148 do\u0148up \u00f6lmeginden gorkup, ol gyza gujagynda oturmagyny ha\u00fdy\u015f edipdir, penjegini a\u00e7ypdyr-da, berk gujaklap \u00fdapypdyr we b\u00fctin gije hereket etm\u00e4n, bile oturypdyrlar. \u015eonu\u0148 \u00fc\u00e7in Liu Siahuwe\u00fdi “Bulam-bujar bolman gujagynda oturan adalatly jenap\u201d h\u00f6km\u00fcnde tanal\u00fdardy. \u015eondan so\u0148 bolsa, bu idioma erkek we a\u00fdallary\u0148 gowy d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcni\u015fip, uzak \u00fda\u015fa\u015fmakdaky o\u0148at suratlandyrylan ny\u015fany h\u00f6km\u00fcnde manyny beripdir. Ba\u015fga bir mysal getirsek, \u201cKyn\u00e7ylykda, agyr halda \u00fda\u015famak we k\u00f6p synany\u015fmak\u201d manysyny ber\u00fd\u00e4n, hakyky bolan wakadan alnan idiomany hem g\u00f6rkezsek bolar. Goujian ma\u015fgalasyndan bolan \u00ddue \u015falygyny \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdar: \u00ddaz d\u00f6wr\u00fcnde, \u00ddue Paty\u015falygy Wu d\u00f6wleti tarapyndan \u00fde\u0148il\u00fd\u00e4r. Rowa\u00fdata g\u00f6r\u00e4, Goujian ma\u015fgalasyny\u0148 \u00ddue \u015fasy \u00fdurduna ga\u00fddyp gel\u00fd\u00e4r we a\u00e7yk me\u00fddanda otur\u00fdar. Hi\u00e7 zat i\u00fdm\u00e4n-i\u00e7m\u00e4n, k\u00f6p kyn\u00e7ylyklary ba\u015fdan ge\u00e7ir\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fdlelikde batyrlygy\u0148 tagamyny hem dad\u00fdar. “Ol jan edip, k\u00f6p i\u015fl\u00e4pdir we g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7lenipdir, \u00ddue Goujian ahyrso\u0148y \u00fcst\u00fcnlige hem \u00fdetipdir. \u015ee\u00fdle hem ba\u015fga-da, taryhdan bize galan idiomalary mysal getirsek, \u201c\u00d6z\u00fc\u0148i aldamak \u00fda-da \u00f6z\u00fc\u0148e umyt bermek\u201d, \u201cMekir tow\u015fany\u0148 \u00fc\u00e7 hini bar\u201d \u00fda-da \u201cK\u00f6pbilmi\u015fi\u0148 o\u00fdny k\u00e4n\u201d, \u201cNo\u00fdbany bi\u015firmek \u00fc\u00e7in no\u00fdba d\u00e4nelerini ga\u00fdnatmaly\u201d we \u015f.m.<\/p>\n
Ikinjiden, idiomalar bize durmu\u015f bilen n\u00e4hili \u00fd\u00fczbe-\u00fd\u00fcz bolmalydygymyzy \u00f6wred\u00fd\u00e4r, ba\u015fga\u00e7a a\u00fddylanda, ol durmu\u015fymyzda gowy mugallym, k\u00f6mek\u00e7i dostdur, bize adam bolmagy we bir i\u015fi \u00fderine \u00fdetirende n\u00e4hili g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7li we ga\u00fdratly bolmagymyzy \u00f6wred\u00fd\u00e4r. Mysal \u00fc\u00e7in, bize \u00f6z s\u00f6we\u015f ruhumyzy n\u00e4dip o\u00fdarmalydygy hakynda \u00fdol g\u00f6rkezer: ga\u00fdrat bilen \u00f6\u0148e gitmek we \u00fcst\u00fcnlige bar\u00fdan dar \u00fdodalary yzarlasak, gorkularymyz yzda galar. \u00ddagny gorkman, \u00e4dimme-\u00e4dim \u00f6\u0148e gitsek, \u00e4hli zady ba\u015faryp biljegimizi, \u015fonu\u0148 netijesinde dogry \u00fdolumyzy tapyp biljegimizi \u00fdatlad\u00fdar. Kyn\u00e7ylyklar we gapma-gar\u015fylyklar bilen \u00fd\u00fczbe-\u00fd\u00fcz bolanymyzda, \u015fu s\u00f6zlere gulak asmagymyzy \u00fdatlad\u00fdar, \u00fdagny b\u00fctin \u015fowsuzlyklara gar\u015fy gow\u015faman erjel bolmalydyr, dowamly hereket etmelidir, sabyrly bolmalydyr we kyn\u00e7ylykdan ba\u015f alyp \u00e7ykmagy ba\u015farmalydyr. Gysga\u00e7a a\u00fddanymyzda, durmu\u015f pelsepesi bilen bagly k\u00f6psanly manyly s\u00f6zler bar. Olary \u00f6wrenmek we ulanmak dogry pikirleni\u015fimizi, dury a\u0148ymyzy, gowy endigimizi we terbi\u00fd\u00e4mizi \u00f6sd\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnjiden, idiomalar \u00fderine \u00fdetir\u00fd\u00e4n i\u015fimiz \u00fc\u00e7in \u201c\u00fdarag we i\u00fdmit\u201d h\u00f6km\u00fcnde \u00fdardam berip biler we s\u00f6zle\u00fdi\u015f ukybymyzy hemmetarapla\u00fdyn \u00fdokarlandyryp biler. K\u00f6psanly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmlerini \u00f6wrenip \u00f6zle\u015fdirmek olara dogry d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00e4ge we ulanmaga \u00fdardam eder, s\u00f6zle\u00fdi\u015f endiklerini, ukyplaryny \u00f6sd\u00fcrer we adamlar bilen geple\u015figimizi k\u00e4mil derej\u00e4 \u00fdetmegine k\u00f6mek eder. Adamy\u0148 jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7ilik gatna\u015fyklarynda medeni\u00fdetli s\u00f6zle\u00fd\u015fi \u00fdola go\u00fdmak wajyp bolup dur\u00fdar. Edebi dilde s\u00f6zle\u015fmek a\u00fdratyn bir sungat. K\u00e4wagt manysyz s\u00f6zlemleri\u0148 ulanylmagy, wagtdan n\u00e4dogry pe\u00fddalanylmagy, \u00fdal\u0148y\u015f \u00e4he\u0148de g\u00fcrlemegi we s\u00f6zleri\u0148 n\u00e4dogry yzygiderlikde sa\u00fdlanmagy kyn\u00e7ylyklara getir\u00fd\u00e4r. Edebi dil geple\u015figinde s\u00f6zler \u00fderlikli ulanylmaly. Mysal \u00fc\u00e7in, gysgan\u00e7 adamy ba\u015fga\u00e7a h\u00e4si\u00fdetlendirenimizde, husyt \u00fda-da \u201csa\u00e7yny\u0148 \u00fdeke taryny hem d\u00f6zme\u00fd\u00e4r\u201d di\u00fden durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmlerini ulanmak has gowudyr. Ba\u015fgalar bilen s\u00f6hbetde\u015flikde, k\u00f6p s\u00f6zler a\u00fdtmagy\u0148 \u00fderine sada durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmlerinden pe\u00fddalanyp, mylakatly g\u00fcrle\u015fsek, gar\u015fy\u0148daky ki\u015fi size \u00fdokary derejeli baha berer we zehinlidigi\u0148ize, terbi\u00fdelidigi\u0148ize g\u00f6z \u00fdetirer.<\/p>\n
D\u00f6rd\u00fcnjiden, talyplary\u0148 d\u00f6redijilik ukybyny halk d\u00f6redijiligini\u0148 a\u00fdratyn \u017eanry bolan heka\u00fdalary\u0148 \u00fcsti bilen \u00f6sd\u00fcrip bolar. Ylmy\u0148 we tehnologi\u00fdany\u0148 \u00e7alt \u00f6smegi bilen geljekki jemgy\u00fdeti\u0148 zerur zady d\u00f6redijilikli pikirlenip bil\u00fd\u00e4n zehinli \u00fda\u015flary\u0148 bolmagydyr. \u00ddagny, di\u0148e akylly-ba\u015fly, a\u0148ly-d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnjeli \u00fda\u015flar ata Watanymyzy, geljekki jemgy\u00fdetimizi g\u00fclledip-\u00f6sd\u00fcrip biler.<\/p>\n
B\u00e4\u015finjiden, k\u00e4mil idiomalary\u0148 adaty dili gysga we d\u00fc\u015fn\u00fckli bol\u00fdar, \u00fdagny heka\u00fdany di\u0148l\u00e4p, k\u00f6psanly t\u00e4ze s\u00f6zleri we owadan s\u00f6zlemleri \u00f6wrenip bol\u00fdar. Dil medeni\u00fdetini \u00f6sd\u00fcrm\u00e4ge, ony k\u00e4mille\u015fdirm\u00e4ge, \u015fe\u00fdle-de “pe\u00fddaly maglumatlary” toplamaga m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik ber\u00fd\u00e4r. Gowy tejribeden hakyky bilim dogar. Meselem, “Ba\u015fgalara me\u0148zem\u00e4ge \u00e7aly\u015fmak” we “Gawun gawundan re\u0148 alar”.<\/p>\n
Durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmleri hemmeler tarapyndan a\u00fddyl\u00fdar we bolan wakalary\u0148 \u00fcsti bilen d\u00f6redil\u00fd\u00e4r, idiomalar heka\u00fdalardan emele gel\u00fd\u00e4r. Durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmleri\u0148 k\u00f6p\u00fcsi d\u00f6rt i\u00fderoglifden, \u00fc\u00e7 i\u00fderoglifden, b\u00e4\u015f i\u00fderoglifden \u00fda-da \u00fdedi i\u00fderoglifden hem k\u00f6p bol\u00fdar. Durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmleri adaty hyta\u00fd medeni\u00fdetini\u0148 esasy a\u00fdratynlygydyr. Idiomalar morfologik, sintaktik hem leksika-semantik ta\u00fddan durnukla\u015f\u00fdarlar. Olar s\u00f6zlemde tutu\u015flygyna ulanyl\u00fdar, mazmuny, gurlu\u015fy, h\u00e4si\u00fdeti we be\u00fdleki b\u00f6lekleri \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdar. Durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmleri\u0148 uly b\u00f6legi gadymy d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerden ga\u00fddypdyr we bize miras bolup galypdyr. Hyta\u00fd dilini\u0148 grammatikasyna la\u00fdyklykda k\u00e4bir idiomalar aslynda ki\u00e7i s\u00f6zlemdir. Durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmleri g\u00f6\u00e7me manyly s\u00f6zlere we nakyllara me\u0148ze\u015f, \u00fd\u00f6ne tapawutly tarapy bar. Durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmleri hyta\u00fd medeni\u00fdetini\u0148 aja\u00fdyp hazynasydyr. Hyta\u00fd dilini\u0148 idiomalary\u0148 k\u00e4birini\u0148 terjimesi bilen tan\u015fyp we de\u0148e\u015fdirip bileris.<\/p>\n
1.Y\u012b g\u01d4 zu\u00f2 q\u00ec<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u9f13\u4f5c\u6c14<\/p>\n
\u571f\u5e93\u66fc\u8bed \u2013 t\u00fcrkmen dilinde: Ha\u00fd (h\u00e4) di\u00fdm\u00e4n \u2014 salymyny berm\u00e4n, ara wagt salman, tiz, basym, derrew, dessine. Obadan \u00e7ykmasa, so\u0148 erbet bolar, Ha\u00fd di\u00fdm\u00e4n Ezizi\u0148 go\u015funy geler (Ata K\u00f6pekmergen). Sizi\u0148 oglu\u0148yz Myrat ha\u00fd di\u00fdm\u00e4n \u00fdeti\u015fer (B. Kerbaba\u00fdew). H\u00e4 di\u00fdm\u00e4n, hemme zat bol-elin \u00fdeter (\u00abEdebi\u00fdat we sungat\u00bb).<\/p>\n
2. B\u0113i gong q\u016b x\u012b<\/p>\n
\u5351\u8eac\u5c48\u819d \u2013 t\u00fcrkmen dilinde: Hajyk-hujuk etmek \u2014 \u00fdaranja\u0148lyk etmek, g\u00f6wn\u00fcni tapjak bolmak, ho\u015fama\u00fdlyk etmek, \u00fdallaklamak. Handan gelen Orazbibi hajuk-hujuk etdi, sallan\u00e7agy \u00fdanap, emdirmek\u00e7i boldy (B. Kerbaba\u00fdew). \u00ddalbar-\u00fdakar edip gezek-gezegine, Indi hajyk-hujuk ha\u00fdbat deregine (A.Kekilow).<\/p>\n
A\u00fdagyna \u00fdykylmak \u2014 k\u00f6mek islemek, hara\u00fd g\u00f6zlemek, \u00fdalbarmak, \u00fdallaklamak. Bu wagt ol \u201cma\u0148a rehim edi\u0148\u201d di\u00fdip, serdary\u0148 a\u00fdagyna \u00fdykylmaga-da ta\u00fd\u00fdardy (T. Taganow). \u015e\u00e4her halky a\u00fdagymyza \u00fdykylyp bo\u00fdun syndylar (H. \u00c7ary\u00fdew). Biz a\u00fdagyna \u00fdykylyp, \u015fun\u00e7a \u00fdalbardyk, gepimize gulak salan bolmady (G. Kuly\u00fdew).<\/p>\n
3. B\u01cei ni\u00e1n h\u01ceo h\u00e9<\/p>\n
\u767e\u5e74\u597d\u5408 \u2013 t\u00fcrkmen dilinde: Ody bilen girip, k\u00fcli bilen \u00e7ykmak \u2014 \u015fatlygy, ga\u00fdgyny de\u0148 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fmek,\u00e4hli kyn\u00e7ylygy bile \u00e7ekmek, di\u00fdeni\u0148e d\u00e4l di\u00fdmezlik, tersine gitmezlik, bir jan, bir ten bolmak. Ody bilen girip, k\u00fcli bilen \u00e7ykan, Ur\u015fu\u0148 ala m\u00f6\u00fdi bagryndan \u00e7akan (\u00dd. Pirguly\u00fdew). Odu\u0148 bilen girip, k\u00fcl\u00fc\u0148 bilen \u00e7ykdym (\u00abNakyllar we atalar s\u00f6zi\u00bb).<\/p>\n
A\u00fdagy d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlisi bolsun! \u2014 gelin to\u00fdunda \u201cgelen gelin ha\u00fdyr getirsin, d\u00f6wleti\u0148iz artsyn\u201d di\u00fdlip a\u00fddyl\u00fdan gutlag.\u2014T\u00fcweleme, a\u00fdagy d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlisi bolsun, a\u00fdy\u0148 bir b\u00f6legi \u00fdaly gelin ekeni \u2014 di\u00fddi (H. Der\u00fda\u00fdew).\u2014Bolubil\u00fd\u00e4r, kemi \u00fdok. A\u00fdagy d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlisi bolsun! (O. Gadamow).<\/p>\n
4. B\u00e1i t\u00f3u xi\u00e9 l\u01ceo<\/p>\n
\u767d\u5934\u5055\u8001 \u2013 t\u00fcrkmen dilinde: Gazygy\u0148da garrasyn \u2014 ba\u015fda\u015fyndan a\u00fdrylmasyn, baran \u00fdigidi bilen \u00f6m\u00fcrlik \u00fda\u015fasyn, nika pozulmasyn (t\u00e4ze edinilen gelin hakda). T\u00fcweleme, nesip etsin, gazygy\u0148da garrasyn! \u2014 di\u00fd\u00fd\u00e4n\u00e7\u00e4, ne Durdy gelinden elini a\u00fdyr\u00fdardy, ne-de Abadan oturan \u00fderinden gozgan\u00fdardy. Ak, g\u00f6k ge\u00fddirme! Arpa \u00e7\u00f6rek i\u00fddirme! \u00ddakymsyz s\u00f6z di\u00fddirme! Gaharja\u0148a degdirme! Bar, gazygy\u0148da garrasyn (B. Kerbaba\u00fdew).<\/p>\n
5. T\u00f9 s\u01d0 h\u00fa b\u0113i<\/p>\n
\u5154\u6b7b\u72d0\u60b2 \u2013 t\u00fcrkmen dilinde: \u00c7yragy\u0148 \u00f6\u00e7mek (s\u00f6nmek) \u2014 i\u0148 o\u0148at g\u00f6r\u00fd\u00e4n adamy\u0148 aradan \u00e7ykmak, \u00f6lmek; bagty\u0148 \u00fdatmak. \u00ddigitler gojalyp, goja \u00fdigdelmi\u015f, \u00c7yragym \u00f6\u00e7\u00fcpdir, narym g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez (Magtymguly). \u00ddandy \u00fd\u00fcregim\u2014\u00fdandy, S\u00f6ndi \u00e7yragym \u2014 s\u00f6ndi (A. Alamy\u015fow).<\/p>\n
6. T\u00fa su\u01d2 ni\u00fa y\u00e1ng<\/p>\n
\u5c60\u6240\u725b\u7f8a \u2013 t\u00fcrkmen dilinde: Demi\u0148i sanap \u00fdatmak \u2014 \u00f6l\u00fcm halynda \u00fdatmak, \u00f6l\u00fcmi\u0148 \u00f6\u0148\u00fcsyrasynda bolmak. Ol bi\u00e7\u00e4re demini sanap \u00fdatyr. Artyk demini sanap \u00fdatany\u0148 kilwandygyny tanady-da, onu\u0148 aryny du\u015fmandan \u00f6ter\u00e4k almak ni\u00fdeti bilen b\u00e4\u015fataryny berdenk\u00e4 \u00e7aly\u015fdy (B. Kerbaba\u00fdew).<\/p>\n
Dilden-agyzdan galmak \u2014 \u00f6l\u00fcmi\u0148 \u00f6\u0148 \u00fdanynda bolmak, \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00fdassygynda \u00fdatmak. Di\u00fdenleri\u00e7ede bar eken, ejesi hal \u00fcst\u00fcnde, dilden-agyzdan galypdyr (T. Gurba-now). Han-ha, indi ma\u015fgala dilden-agyzdan galyp \u00fdatyr, \u00f6l\u00e4\u00fdse, ganyny gidermeris, \u00f6lmese-de, horlugyny gidermeris (A. Gow\u015fudow).<\/p>\n
D\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4den tama\u0148y \u00fczmek \u2014 \u00f6l\u00fcm halatynda bolmak, \u00fda\u015famak umydy gutarmak. I\u0148 so\u0148unda elini gursagyna go\u00fddy, d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4den tamasyny \u00fczdi, g\u00f6zlerini \u00fdumdy (B. Kerbaba\u00fdew).<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00fcm \u00fdassygynda \u00fdatma \u2014 agyr syrkawlamak. so\u0148ky demi\u0148i sanap \u00ffatmak. Ga\u00ffly g\u00fcnde gar i\u00e7inden tapanmy\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00ffassygynda \u00ffatan Mommeli (B. Kerb\u00ffaba\u00ffew).<\/p>\n
7. sh\u01d4 qi\u00e8 g\u01d2u d\u00e0o<\/p>\n
\u9f20\u7a83\u72d7\u76d7 \u2013 t\u00fcrkmen dilinde: Eli egrilik \u2014 il eml\u00e4gine el gar\u00fdan, ki\u015fi zadyna g\u00f6z gyzdyryjylyk, ogrulyk. Siz mende he\u00fd eli egrilik g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u0148izmi? (G. Kuly\u00fdew). Inim, eli egrilik etse, di\u0148e onu\u0148 d\u00e4l, meni\u0148 hem kell\u00e4mi alyp bilersi\u0148\u2014 di\u00fddi (B. Se\u00fdt\u00e4kow). \u00c7arwa agada eli egrilik edip ugran bolsa, biz\u00e4 ha\u00fdran (T. Taganow).<\/p>\n
El urmak \u2014 1. Ogurlyk etmek, eli egrilik etmek. Emma ki\u015fi malyna el urmany ba\u015farmazlar! (B. Kerbaba\u00fdew). Men sizi\u0148 j\u00fcbi\u0148ize el uramok. (G. Kuly\u00fdew). K\u00f6p\u00e7\u00fclik eml\u00e4gine el urandygy \u00fc\u00e7in, kolhoz ba\u015flyklygy wezipesinden bo\u015fadyldy (B. \u00d6wezow). Geldi aga \u015fu \u00fda\u015fyna \u00e7enli ki\u015fi hileli zada el urman gelen bir adamdyr (A. Durdy\u00fdew).<\/p>\n
8. L\u00e1ng z\u01d0 sh\u00f2u x\u012bn<\/p>\n
\u72fc\u5b50\u517d\u5fc3 \u2013 t\u00fcrkmen dilinde: G\u00f6zi gyzyl \u2014 ganhor, rehimsiz (adam hakda). Biz-\u00e4 \u015fu \u00fda\u015fymyzy\u0148 i\u00e7inde her hili g\u00f6zi gyzyly g\u00f6rendiris weli, M\u00e4mmetweli \u00fdaly haramzadany g\u00f6ren d\u00e4ldiris. (B. Se\u00fdt\u00e4kow).<\/p>\n
Da\u015f \u00fd\u00fcrek \u2014 zalym, rehimsiz, ynsapsyz, na\u00fdynsap. Obany\u0148 garyplary da\u015f \u00fd\u00fcrek ba\u00fda n\u00e4let baryny okadylar (N. Saryhanow). T\u00f6wella edip siz Garla, Belki, er\u00e4r ol da\u015f \u00fd\u00fcrek (\u00c7. A\u015fyrow). Gahar etme di\u00fdsem; boldu\u0148 da\u015f \u00fd\u00fcrek (G. Gurbans\u00e4hedow).<\/p>\n
Do\u0148 bagyr \u2014 rehimsiz. \u015ee\u00fdle g\u00f6z\u00fda\u015flara-da \u00fd\u00fcregi gy\u00fdylma\u00fdan do\u0148 bagyr adamlar bar ekeni (H. Der\u00fda\u00fdew).<\/p>\n
9. W\u00e9n j\u012b q\u01d0 w\u01d4<\/p>\n
\u95fb\u9e21\u8d77\u821e \u2013 t\u00fcrkmen dilinde: Elli-a\u00fdakly \u2014 \u00fdeti\u015fikli, i\u015fe\u0148\u0148ir, ezber. Uzugam, k\u00f6p g\u00f6rmesin, bir elli-a\u00fdakly ma\u015fgala (H. Der\u00fda\u00fdew).<\/p>\n
10. Zh\u01d0 l\u00f9 w\u00e9i m\u01ce<\/p>\n
\u6307\u9e7f\u4e3a\u9a6c \u2013 t\u00fcrkmen dilinde: \u00ddapa degirmezlik\u2014\u00fdalan s\u00f6zlemek, \u00e7ypdyrmak. Halypa, Batyr, gaty g\u00f6rme, my\u00e7ansys\u0148 asyl \u00fdapa-da degren d\u00e4lsi\u0148! (B. Kerbaba\u00fdew).<\/p>\n
Erteki otarmak \u2014 \u00fdalan-\u00fda\u015fryk s\u00f6zlemek, bolar-bolgusyz g\u00fcrr\u00fc\u0148leri samahyllamak, toslamak. Sen ma\u0148a erteki otarma, obada hoja\u00fdyn senmi \u00fda-da men? (\u201cEdebi\u00fdat we sungat\u201d) \u2014 Eje jan, sen meni \u00e7aga hasap edip ma\u0148a erteki otar\u00fdamy\u0148 \u00fda ba\u015fga bir a\u00fdtjak zady\u0148 barmy? (B. Kerbaba\u00fdew). Men erteki otaryp, G\u00fc\u00fdme\u00fd\u00e4ndir \u00f6\u00fdd\u00e4\u00fdme\u0148, \u00ddetm\u00e4n s\u00f6z\u00fc\u0148 aslyna, Birden bir zat a\u00fdda\u00fdma\u0148 (M. Se\u00fdidow).<\/p>\n
Gadymy hyta\u00fd s\u00f6zl\u00fcgine mahsus bolan durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmleri \u00f6z g\u00f6zba\u015fyny gadymy nusgawy edebi\u00fdatyndan \u00fda-da taryhy \u00fdazgylardan, taryhy heka\u00fdalardan we adamlary\u0148 dilden a\u00fddyl\u00fdan heka\u00fdalaryndan alyp ga\u00fdd\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmlerini\u0148 manysy, g\u00f6ni manyda d\u00e4l-de, g\u00f6\u00e7me manyda bol\u00fdar. Onu\u0148 ykjam gurlu\u015fy bar, adat\u00e7a yzygiderligini \u00f6zba\u015fdak \u00fc\u00fdtgedip, \u00e7al\u015fyp, k\u00f6peldip \u00fda-da azaldyp bolma\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Idiomalary\u0148 gurlu\u015fy, esasan, d\u00f6rt i\u00fderoglifden ybarat, \u015fe\u00fdle hem \u00fc\u00e7 we k\u00f6p i\u00fderoglifli g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fleri hem bar. \u00dd\u00f6neke\u00fd s\u00f6z bilen a\u00fddylanda, durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmi – bu geple\u015fik dilinde her kimi\u0148 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4n, anyk \u00e7e\u015fmesi, gelip \u00e7yky\u015fy we du\u00fdgulary bolan we \u00fdokary derejede ulanyl\u00fdan adalgadyr.<\/p>\n
Durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmleri nakyllara me\u0148ze\u015f ta\u00fd\u00fdar s\u00f6z, \u00fd\u00f6ne tapawutlary hem bardyr. Adat\u00e7a s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmleri\u0148 gurlu\u015fy bo\u00fdun\u00e7a d\u00f6rt s\u00f6zden ybarat. Olary g\u00f6ni s\u00f6zme-s\u00f6z \u00fc\u00fdtgedip bolma\u00fdar.Atalar s\u00f6z\u00fcne we nakyllara seredeni\u0148de gow\u015fakdyr. D\u00f6rt s\u00f6z bilen \u00e7\u00e4klenm\u00e4n k\u00f6p \u00fda-da az hem bolup biler.<\/p>\n
Mysal \u00fc\u00e7in, “\u00dditi py\u00e7ak bula\u015fyk \u00fdumagy keser \u2013 kyn\u00e7ylyk halynda kararlylyk \u2013 \u00fdedi \u00f6l\u00e7e bir kes”, “Dokuz \u00f6k\u00fczi\u0148 we iki \u00fdolbarsy\u0148 g\u00fc\u00fdji \u2013 uly g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7 \u2013 el eli \u00fduwar, iki el birigip, \u00fd\u00fczi\u201d, “E\u015fegi\u0148 dodaklary aty\u0148 agzy d\u00e4l \u2013 men n\u00e4me di\u00fd\u00fd\u00e4rin, dutarym n\u00e4me di\u00fd\u00fd\u00e4r, d\u00fc\u015fn\u00fcksiz, gabat gelme\u00fd\u00e4n”, “M\u00f6jekden gorkup gapla\u0148 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4r, gorkana go\u015fa g\u00f6rner”, “E\u015fiden de\u0148 bolmaz g\u00f6ren g\u00f6z bilen\u201d, “Hakyky altyn otdan gorkmaz \u2013 Mert s\u00f6we\u015fde belli”, “Isle\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fdol tapar, isleme\u00fd\u00e4n bahana”, \u201cAty\u0148 g\u00fc\u00fdj\u00fcni \u00fdol g\u00f6rkezer, adamy\u0148 \u00fd\u00fcregini wagt g\u00f6rkezer\u201d. Bular k\u00e4bir tejribeler, nakyllar toparyna degi\u015fli doly manyny a\u0148lad\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
Men \u015fu ylmy makalany \u00fdazmak bilen t\u00fcrkmen we hyta\u00fd dillerini\u0148 durnukly s\u00f6z d\u00fcz\u00fcmlerini\u0148 a\u00fdratyn bir ylymdygyny bellemek isledim. \u015ee\u00fdle hem, geljekde \u015fu ylmy i\u015fimi\u0148 makalasyny\u0148 \u00fcst\u00fcnde i\u015flemegi \u00f6z\u00fcme maksat edin\u00fd\u00e4rin.H\u00e4zirki wagtda hyta\u00fd dili h\u00fcn\u00e4rini\u0148 talyplary hyta\u00fd dilini we edebi\u00fdatyny \u00e7u\u0148\u0148ur \u00f6wrenm\u00e4ge we bu ugurda ylmy i\u015fleri alyp barmaga \u00e7aly\u015f\u00fdarlar. Biz \u2013 talyp \u00fda\u015flar d\u00f6redil\u00fd\u00e4n \u015fe\u00fdle m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilikilerden pe\u00fddalanyp, t\u00fcrkmen we hyta\u00fd dillerini\u0148 ideomalaryny \u00e7u\u0148\u0148ur \u00f6wrenmegi, t\u00fcrkmen diline we edebi\u00fdatyna \u00f6z go\u015fandymyzy go\u015fmagy maksat edip go\u00fdduk. \u00c7\u00fcnki hyta\u00fd edebi\u00fdaty \u00f6r\u00e4n gyzykly we \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly bolup, ony i\u00e7gin \u00f6wrenmekde biz \u2013 talyp \u00fda\u015flarda uly gyzyklanma we s\u00f6\u00fdgi d\u00f6red\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
D\u00f6wletm\u00e4mmet Azady adyndaky T\u00fcrkmen milli d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 dilleri institutyny\u0148\u00a0 uly mugallymy.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Gahryman Arkadagymyzy\u0148, Arkadagly Gahryman Serdarymyzy\u0148 \u00fdolba\u015f\u00e7ylygynda ta\u00fdsyz tagallalary bilen ata Watanymyz T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 ge\u00e7mi\u015f taryhyny, mirasyny \u00f6wrenmek we ony dikeltmek \u00fc\u00e7in k\u00f6p i\u015fler edil\u00fd\u00e4r. Gahryman Arkadagymyz \u015fe\u00fdle bell\u00e4p ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4r: \u201c32 \u00fdyl mundan \u00f6\u0148 Hyta\u00fd bilen T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 arasynda diplomatik gatna\u015fyklary \u00fdola go\u00fdlandan so\u0148 bu iki \u00fdurdu\u0148 arasyndaky gatna\u015fyklar sagdyn we durnukly \u00fdagda\u00fdda \u00f6smegini dowam etdir\u00fd\u00e4r we strategiki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23873"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23873"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23873\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23874,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23873\/revisions\/23874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}