Garynjalar (Latyn\u00e7a: Formicidae) Gymenopterany\u0148 (zerli ganatlylar) toparyna degi\u015fli bolan ki\u00e7ijik m\u00f6r-m\u00f6jeklerdir. Olar \u00f6zbolu\u015fly k\u00f6p\u00e7\u00fclikle\u00fdin (koloni\u00fda) \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdy\u015f, z\u00e4hmets\u00f6\u00fderligi we garynja keteklerini\u0148 gurlu\u015fyny\u0148 \u00e7yl\u015fyrymlylygy bilen d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni ha\u00fdran galdyr\u00fdarlar.Garynjalar \u00fder \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fcnde 12 m\u00fc\u0148den gowrak g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi bilen gi\u0148den \u00fda\u00fdrandyr. Olary\u0148 gurlu\u015fyny\u0148 we \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdy\u015f a\u00fdratynlyklaryny\u0148 esasy b\u00f6lekleri. Garynjany\u0148 bedeni \u00fc\u00e7 esasy b\u00f6lekden ybarat: kelle, d\u00f6\u015f we garyn. Garyn bilen d\u00f6\u015f\u00fc\u0148 arasynda in\u00e7e bil \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4r.Kellesinde \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4n antennalary olary\u0148 esasy du\u00fdu\u015f we aragatna\u015fyk guralydyr. Olar antennalary\u0148 k\u00f6megi bilen yslary, yrgyldylary (\u00fder titremesini, be\u00fdleki jandarlary\u0148 hereketini) du\u00fdup bil\u00fd\u00e4rler.<\/p>\n
\u200bTopardaky be\u00fdleki agzalar (ene garynjalar, li\u00e7inkalar, i\u015f\u00e7i garynjalar) bilen i\u00fdmit pa\u00fdla\u015fmak \u00fc\u00e7in ulanyl\u00fdar.Olar i\u00fdmit \u00fdoluny tapmak, howp barada du\u00fddurmak we be\u00fdleki habarlary bermek \u00fc\u00e7in feromonlar (himiki yzlar) arkaly habarla\u015f\u00fdarlar.Garynjalar gaty gurama\u00e7ylykly we z\u00e4hmete esaslan\u00fdan koloni\u00fdalarda \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdarlar. Olary\u0148 her bir ketegi (ant hill) millionlar\u00e7a agzany we funksi\u00fdalary \u00f6z i\u00e7ine alyp bil\u00fd\u00e4n uly bir ‘\u015f\u00e4here’ me\u0148ze\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
\u200bEne Garynja (\u015ea a\u00fdal): Koloni\u00fdany\u0148 \u00fdeke-t\u00e4k k\u00f6pelijisidir. Onu\u0148 esasy wezipesi \u2013 \u00fdumurtga go\u00fdmak (k\u00e4bir g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fler g\u00fcnde 1500-e \u00e7enli \u00fdumurtga go\u00fd\u00fdar) we nesli dowam etdirmek.Urka\u00e7y, \u00fd\u00f6ne tohumsyz garynjalar. Olar koloni\u00fdany\u0148 \u00e4hli g\u00fcndelik i\u015flerini \u00fderine \u00fdetir\u00fd\u00e4rler, \u015fol sanda:<\/p>\n
\u200bI\u00fdmit \u00fdygnamak.<\/p>\n
\u200bH\u00f6w\u00fcrtg\u00e4ni gurmak we bejermek.<\/p>\n
\u200bLi\u00e7inkalara seretmek we i\u00fdmitlendirmek.<\/p>\n
\u200bGorag\u00e7ylyk (k\u00e4bir g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015flerde uly kellesi bolan esger garynjalar gorag\u00e7ylyk ed\u00fd\u00e4r).<\/p>\n
\u200bErkek Garynjalar: Olary\u0148 \u00fdeke-t\u00e4k funksi\u00fdasy \u2013 ene garynjalar bilen tohumlanmak. Olar tohumlanmadan so\u0148 k\u00f6plen\u00e7 tiz wagtdan \u00f6l\u00fd\u00e4rler.<\/p>\n
\u200bGarynja ketekleri \u00f6r\u00e4n \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly in\u017eener\u00e7ilik desgasydyr. Olary\u0148 i\u00e7inde:<\/p>\n
D\u00e4neleri, tohumlary we be\u00fdleki i\u00fdmit gorlaryny saklamak \u00fc\u00e7in. T\u00fcrkmenistanda gi\u0148den \u00fda\u00fdran Messor (D\u00e4ne \u00fdygn\u00fdan) garynjalar uly mukdarda d\u00e4ne \u00fdygna\u00fdarlar.K\u00e4bir garynjalar \u015firejeleri (afids) saklap, olary\u0148 \u00f6s\u00fcmlik \u015firesini i\u00fdenden so\u0148 \u00e7ykar\u00fdan s\u00fc\u00fdji suwuklygyny (\u015fekerli s\u00fc\u00fdt) sagyp al\u00fdarlar. G\u00fcnorta Amerikada \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan \u00fdaprak kes\u00fd\u00e4n garynjalar (Attini) \u00f6z hinlerinde toplan \u00fdapraklaryny ulanyp, \u00fd\u00f6rite k\u00f6melekleri \u00f6sd\u00fcrip \u00fdeti\u015fdir\u00fd\u00e4rler we bu k\u00f6melekler olary\u0148 esasy i\u00fdmit \u00e7e\u015fmesidir. Garynjalar suwu\u0148 a\u015fagynda 24 sagada \u00e7enli demini saklap bil\u00fd\u00e4rler. Garynjalar gulaklary bolmasa-da, antennalary we a\u00fdaklary arkaly \u00fderi\u0148 yrgyldysyny du\u00fdup, da\u015fky gur\u015fawy\u0148 hadysalaryna u\u00fdgunla\u015f\u00fdarlar.<\/p>\n
Garynjalar gaty z\u00e4hmet s\u00f6\u00fd\u00fcjiligi we tertibi bilen me\u015fhurdyrlar. Olary \u00f6wren\u00fd\u00e4n ylma Mirmekologi\u00fda di\u00fdil\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
\u00ddusupowa Merjen<\/strong><\/em> <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Garynjalar (Latyn\u00e7a: Formicidae) Gymenopterany\u0148 (zerli ganatlylar) toparyna degi\u015fli bolan ki\u00e7ijik m\u00f6r-m\u00f6jeklerdir. Olar \u00f6zbolu\u015fly k\u00f6p\u00e7\u00fclikle\u00fdin (koloni\u00fda) \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdy\u015f, z\u00e4hmets\u00f6\u00fderligi we garynja keteklerini\u0148 gurlu\u015fyny\u0148 \u00e7yl\u015fyrymlylygy bilen d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4ni ha\u00fdran galdyr\u00fdarlar.Garynjalar \u00fder \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fcnde 12 m\u00fc\u0148den gowrak g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi bilen gi\u0148den \u00fda\u00fdrandyr. Olary\u0148 gurlu\u015fyny\u0148 we \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdy\u015f a\u00fdratynlyklaryny\u0148 esasy b\u00f6lekleri. Garynjany\u0148 bedeni \u00fc\u00e7 esasy b\u00f6lekden ybarat: kelle, d\u00f6\u015f we garyn. Garyn bilen d\u00f6\u015f\u00fc\u0148 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25744"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25744"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25744\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25745,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25744\/revisions\/25745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nHalkara senagat\u00e7ylar we teleke\u00e7iler uniwersitetini\u0148 Dil \u00f6wreni\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmini\u0148 111-nji toparyny\u0148 talyby<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n