Garynjalar (Formicidae ma\u015fgalasy) tebigaty\u0148 i\u0148 gowy \u00f6wrenilen we i\u0148 z\u00e4hmets\u00f6\u00fder m\u00f6r-m\u00f6jeklerini\u0148 biridir. Olar \u00dder \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fcni\u0148 \u00e4hli \u00fderinde di\u00fden \u00fdaly \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdarlar we olary \u00f6wren\u00fd\u00e4n ylma mirmekologi\u00fda gir\u00ff\u00e0r.Garynjalar jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7ilikli m\u00f6r-m\u00f6jekler bolup, olar uly koloni\u00fdalarda \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdarlar. Bu koloni\u00fdalar bir \u00fda-da birn\u00e4\u00e7e enelik (gyzyl garynjalary), erkek garynjalary we sany k\u00f6p bolan i\u015f\u00e7i garynjalary (d\u00f6ls\u00fcz urka\u00e7y garynjalary) \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdar. Garynjalar tebigatda uly ekologiki \u00e4hmi\u00fdete e\u00fdedirler: olar topragy\u0148 hilini gowula\u015fdyr\u00fdarlar, d\u00fcrli ha\u00fdwanlar \u00fc\u00e7in i\u00fdmit bolup hyzmat ed\u00fd\u00e4rler we \u00f6s\u00fcmlikleri\u0148 tohumlaryny \u00fda\u00fdratmaga k\u00f6mek ed\u00fd\u00e4rler.<\/p>\n
\u200bGarynjalary\u0148 esasy g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fleri (T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 mysalynda).<\/p>\n
\u200bT\u00fcrkmenistanda, esasan hem \u00e7\u00f6llerinde, Messor urugyny\u0148 wekilleri gi\u0148den \u00fda\u00fdrandyr. Bu garynjalar d\u00e4ne\u00e7il garynjalar h\u00f6km\u00fcnde tanal\u00fdar, seb\u00e4bi olar \u00f6s\u00fcmlikleri\u0148 d\u00e4neleri we tohumlary bilen i\u00fdmitlen\u00fd\u00e4rler. Olar d\u00e4neleri uly mukdarda \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00e4p, \u00f6z hinlerinde sakla\u00fdarlar. \u015eonu\u0148 \u00fc\u00e7in k\u00e4bir ekinler \u00fc\u00e7in zy\u00fdanly hasaplan\u00fdarlar.<\/p>\n
\u200bT\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 \u00e7\u00f6llerinde \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan Messor urugyny\u0148 esasy g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015flerinden k\u00e4birleri:<\/p>\n
\u200bMessor denticulatus<\/p>\n
\u200bMessor aralocaspius (G\u00fcndizine d\u00e4ne \u00e7\u00f6ple\u00fd\u00e4n g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fler)<\/p>\n
\u200bMessor variabilis<\/p>\n
\u200bMessor intermedium (Gijesine d\u00e4ne \u00e7\u00f6ple\u00fd\u00e4n we g\u00fcndiz hininden \u00e7ykma\u00fdan g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fler)<\/p>\n
\u200bMessor excursionis<\/p>\n
\u200bMessor lamellicornis<\/p>\n
\u200bMessor subgracilinodis<\/p>\n
\u200bMessor perententatus<\/p>\n
\u200bBu g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fler \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan \u00fderine g\u00f6r\u00e4 toparlara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4rler (\u00e7\u00e4geli \u00e7\u00f6ll\u00fckler, to\u00fdun-\u00e7\u00e4gelik \u00e7\u00f6lleri we dag eteklerind\u00e4ki topraklar).<\/p>\n
\u200bBa\u015fga me\u015fhur garynja g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fleri (d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4de):<\/p>\n
\u200bAttini garynjalar (K\u00f6melek \u00f6sd\u00fcrijiler): G\u00fcnorta we Merkezi Amerikada du\u015f gel\u00fd\u00e4r. Olar \u00f6z hinlerinde \u00fd\u00f6rite “\u00fdylady\u015fhanalar” gurup, i\u00fdmit \u00fc\u00e7in k\u00f6melekleri \u00f6sd\u00fcrip \u00fdeti\u015fdir\u00fd\u00e4rler.<\/p>\n
\u200bLasius (\u00c7yglylyk garynjasy\/Gara \u00f6\u00fd garynjasy): \u00ddewropada gi\u0148den \u00fda\u00fdran, ki\u00e7i \u00f6l\u00e7egli i\u015f\u00e7i we erkek garynjalary bol\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
\u200bFormica (Toka\u00fd garynjasy): Uly, \u00e7alasyn we agressiw i\u015f\u00e7i garynjalary bolup, olar toka\u00fd materiallaryndan uly h\u00f6w\u00fcrtgeler (garynja depeleri) gur\u00fdarlar.<\/p>\n
\u200bSolenopsis (\u00ddangyn garynjasy): Uly koloni\u00fdalar d\u00f6red\u00fd\u00e4rler. Z\u00e4herli we agyryly \u00e7akmany bilen tanal\u00fdarlar.<\/p>\n
\u200bCamponotus (D\u00fc\u00fdp garynjasy): D\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4de 1000-den gowrak g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fi bar. K\u00f6plen\u00e7 \u00f6li \u00fda-da diri aga\u00e7larda h\u00f6w\u00fcrtge gur\u00fdarlar.<\/p>\n
\u200bGarynjalary\u0148 gyzykly a\u00fdratynlyklary:<\/p>\n
\u200bMaldar\u00e7ylyk: K\u00e4bir garynjalar \u015firejeleri “sygyrlary” h\u00f6km\u00fcnde ided\u00fd\u00e4rler. \u015eirejeler \u00f6s\u00fcmlik \u015firelerinden “\u015fekerli s\u00fc\u00fdt” b\u00f6l\u00fcp \u00e7ykar\u00fdarlar, garynjalar bolsa olary du\u015fmanlardan gora\u00fdarlar.<\/p>\n
\u200b”Drakula” garynjalar (Adetomyrma venatrix): Madagaskarda \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdan bu garynjalar, \u00f6zlerini\u0148 gaty i\u00fdmiti \u00f6zle\u015fdirip bilme\u00fd\u00e4nligi seb\u00e4pli, li\u00e7inkalary\u0148 derisini di\u015fl\u00e4p ganyny sorup i\u00fdmitlen\u00fd\u00e4rler.<\/p>\n
\u200bZombi garynjalar: Cordyceps k\u00f6melegi garynjany\u0148 bedenine girip, ony zombi \u00fdagda\u00fdyna getirip bil\u00fd\u00e4r. K\u00f6melek garynjany \u00f6z\u00fcni\u0148 \u00f6smegi \u00fc\u00e7in amatly \u00fdere gitm\u00e4ge mejbur ed\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
\u200bGarynjalar gurlu\u015fykda \u00f6kde, z\u00e4hmets\u00f6\u00fder we gaty gurama\u00e7ylykly jandarlar bolup, olary\u0148 her biri uly bir “\u015f\u00e4heri” \u00fdatlad\u00fdan \u00f6z \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdy\u015f ulgamyna e\u00fdedirler.<\/p>\n
\u00c7olukowa S\u00f6\u00fdli<\/strong><\/em> <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Garynjalar (Formicidae ma\u015fgalasy) tebigaty\u0148 i\u0148 gowy \u00f6wrenilen we i\u0148 z\u00e4hmets\u00f6\u00fder m\u00f6r-m\u00f6jeklerini\u0148 biridir. Olar \u00dder \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fcni\u0148 \u00e4hli \u00fderinde di\u00fden \u00fdaly \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdarlar we olary \u00f6wren\u00fd\u00e4n ylma mirmekologi\u00fda gir\u00ff\u00e0r.Garynjalar jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7ilikli m\u00f6r-m\u00f6jekler bolup, olar uly koloni\u00fdalarda \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdarlar. Bu koloni\u00fdalar bir \u00fda-da birn\u00e4\u00e7e enelik (gyzyl garynjalary), erkek garynjalary we sany k\u00f6p bolan i\u015f\u00e7i garynjalary (d\u00f6ls\u00fcz urka\u00e7y garynjalary) \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdar. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25861"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25861"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25862,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25861\/revisions\/25862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nHalkara senagat\u00e7ylar we teleke\u00e7iler uniwersitetini\u0148 Dil \u00f6wreni\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmini\u0148 114-nji toparyny\u0148 talyby<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n