Biosfera (Grek\u00e7e: bios \u2014 durmu\u015f, sphaira \u2014 \u015far\/gatlak) \u2014 bu \u00dder \u015faryny\u0148 \u00e4hli janly organizmleri \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdan, olar tarapyndan \u00fc\u00fdtgedil\u00fd\u00e4n we olary\u0148 \u00fda\u015fa\u00fd\u015fy \u00fc\u00e7in amatly bolan gatlagydyr. Bu, okeanlary\u0148 i\u0148 \u00e7u\u0148 \u00fderinden t\u00e4 atmosferany\u0148 a\u015faky gatlaklaryna \u00e7enli \u00fda\u00fdran, \u00f6r\u00e4n in\u00e7e, emma \u00c4lemd\u00e4ki i\u0148 \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly ulgamdyr. Biosfera \u00fc\u00e7 esasy tebigy gatlagy\u0148 (gipoteza, gidrosfera, atmosfera) kesi\u015f\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fderinde \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4r we \u00e4hli durmu\u015fy golda\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
\u200bGidrosfera (Suw) De\u0148izleri\u0148, ummanlary\u0148, k\u00f6lleri\u0148, der\u00fdalary\u0148 we \u00fderasty suwlary\u0148 durmu\u015fy golda\u00fdan b\u00f6lekleri.<\/p>\n
\u200bLitogipoteza (Gaty \u00dder) Topragy\u0148 we gaty gatlagy\u0148 janly organizmleri\u0148 k\u00f6k urup, i\u00fdmitlenip we mekan tapyp bil\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fdokarky gatlaklary.<\/p>\n
\u200bAtmosfera (Howa)Howa gatlagyny\u0148 janly organizmler \u00fc\u00e7in zerur gazlary (esasanam kislorod we azot) sakla\u00fdan a\u015faky b\u00f6legi.<\/p>\n
\u200bBiosfera b\u00fctewi bolsa-da, ol \u00f6z arasynda a\u00fdratyn Ekosistemalara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4r. Ekosistema \u2014 bu belli bir sebitd\u00e4ki janly organizmleri\u0148 (biotiki faktorlar) jansyz gur\u015faw (abiotiki faktorlar: temperatura, y\u015fyk, suw, toprak) bilen \u00f6zara gatna\u015fygydyr.Biosferany\u0148 Gudraty: Energi\u00fda Akymy we D\u00fczg\u00fcnlerBiosferany\u0148 i\u015fje\u0148ligini\u0148 esasynda energi\u00fdany\u0148 we maddalary\u0148 a\u00fdlanmasy \u00fdat\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
\u200bBiosferadaky energi\u00fdany\u0148 esasy \u00e7e\u015fmesi G\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6hleleridir. Bu energi\u00fda azyk zynjyry arkaly hereket ed\u00fd\u00e4r:Prod\u00fduserler (\u00d6nd\u00fcrijiler): \u00d6s\u00fcmlikler we k\u00e4bir bakteri\u00fdalar fotosintez arkaly G\u00fcn energi\u00fdasyny himiki energi\u00fda (gl\u00fdukoza) \u00f6w\u00fcr\u00fd\u00e4rler. Konsumerler (Sarp edijiler): \u00d6s\u00fcmlikleri i\u00fd\u00fd\u00e4n ot i\u00fdenler we olary i\u00fd\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fdyrtyjylar.Destruktorlar (\u00ddykyjylar): Bakteri\u00fdalar we k\u00f6melekler \u00fdaly \u00f6len organizmleri dargadyp, maddalary \u00fdene-de topraga ga\u00fdtaryp ber\u00fd\u00e4n jandarlar.Durmu\u015fy golda\u00fdan esasy elementler (Uglerod, Azot, Suw we Fofor) biosferany\u0148 i\u00e7inde hemi\u015fe a\u00fdlan\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
\u200bUglerod A\u00fdlanmasy: \u00d6s\u00fcmlikler atmosferadaky CO_2 (uglerod dioksid) si\u0148dir\u00fd\u00e4rler. Ha\u00fdwanlar dem aly\u015f (respirasi\u00fda) arkaly ony yzyna go\u00fdber\u00fd\u00e4rler. Bu de\u0148agramlylyk \u00fc\u00fdtgese, Howany\u0148 Durnuklylygy (Klimat) kyn\u00e7ylyga sezewar bol\u00fdar.<\/p>\n
\u200bAzot A\u00fdlanmasy: Azot \u00f6s\u00fc\u015f \u00fc\u00e7in i\u0148 zerur element. Onu\u0148 gazy howadan g\u00f6ni kabul edilme\u00fd\u00e4r; topraklardaky azot fiksirle\u00fdji bakteri\u00fdalar tarapyndan \u00f6s\u00fcmlikleri\u0148 kabul edip biljek g\u00f6rn\u00fc\u015fine \u00f6wr\u00fcl\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Annamuhammedow \u00d6wezmuhammet<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Halkara senagat\u00e7ylar we teleke\u00e7iler uniwersitetini\u0148 Dil \u00f6wreni\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmini\u0148 102-nji toparyny\u0148 talyby<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Biosfera (Grek\u00e7e: bios \u2014 durmu\u015f, sphaira \u2014 \u015far\/gatlak) \u2014 bu \u00dder \u015faryny\u0148 \u00e4hli janly organizmleri \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdan, olar tarapyndan \u00fc\u00fdtgedil\u00fd\u00e4n we olary\u0148 \u00fda\u015fa\u00fd\u015fy \u00fc\u00e7in amatly bolan gatlagydyr. Bu, okeanlary\u0148 i\u0148 \u00e7u\u0148 \u00fderinden t\u00e4 atmosferany\u0148 a\u015faky gatlaklaryna \u00e7enli \u00fda\u00fdran, \u00f6r\u00e4n in\u00e7e, emma \u00c4lemd\u00e4ki i\u0148 \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly ulgamdyr. Biosfera \u00fc\u00e7 esasy tebigy gatlagy\u0148 (gipoteza, gidrosfera, atmosfera) kesi\u015f\u00fd\u00e4n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26240"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26240"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26241,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26240\/revisions\/26241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}