\u200bSiz ha\u00e7an-da bolsa \u00ddewropany\u0148 gadymy \u015f\u00e4herlerini\u0148 suratlaryna seredeni\u0148izde, asmana sary okdurylyp bar\u00fdan u\u00e7ly minaralary, \u00e4girt uly re\u0148kli a\u00fdnalary we da\u015fdan \u00fdonulan gorkun\u00e7, \u00fd\u00f6ne t\u00e4sin he\u00fdkelleri (gargul\u00fdalary) g\u00f6r\u00fcpmidi\u0148iz? Ine, bu \u2014 Gotika sungatydyr.XII asyrda Fransi\u00fdada d\u00f6r\u00e4p, tutu\u015f \u00ddewropa \u00fda\u00fdran bu stil, di\u0148e bir binag\u00e4rlik bolman, e\u00fdsem ynsany\u0148 Huda\u00fda we \u00fdagtylyga bolan ymtyl\u015fyny\u0148 da\u015fdaky be\u00fdanydyr.<\/p>\n
Gotika N\u00e4me \u00dc\u00e7in “Gotika” Di\u00fdil\u00fd\u00e4r?<\/p>\n
\u200bBu \u00f6r\u00e4n gyzykly taryhy d\u00f9\u015f\u00f9nje.Aslynda, bu sungat d\u00f6r\u00e4n d\u00f6wr\u00fcnde o\u0148a “Fransuz stili” di\u00fdil\u00fd\u00e4rdi. “Gotika” ady k\u00f6p wagtdan so\u0148, Galkyny\u015f d\u00f6wr\u00fcni\u0148 (Renessans) sungat tankyt\u00e7ylary tarapy kemsidiji at h\u00f6km\u00fcnde dakyl\u00fdar.Itali\u00fdaly sungat\u00e7y Jorjo Wazari bu stili “wag\u015fy” di\u00fdip atlandyryp, ony gadymy “Got” ta\u00fdpalaryny\u0148 (Rim imperi\u00fdasyny we\u00fdran edenler) ady bilen baglany\u015fdyrypdyr. Olar bu stili g\u00f6dek we tertipsiz hasaplapdyrlar. Emma wagt ge\u00e7megi bilen bu at sungaty\u0148 i\u0148 belent nusgalaryny\u0148 biri h\u00f6km\u00fcnde kabul edildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bGotika ymaratlaryny be\u00fdleki stillerden tapawutlandyr\u00fdan we olara “\u00fde\u0148illik” ber\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fc\u00e7 sany in\u017eener\u00e7ilik t\u00e4zeligi bardyr:<\/p>\n
\u200bU\u00e7ly Arkalar (The Pointed Arch): \u00d6\u0148ki (roman) stillerde arkalar tegelekdi. Gotikada bolsa olar u\u00e7lydyr. Bu agramy\u0148 diwarlara d\u00e4l-de, s\u00fctunlara d\u00fc\u015fmegine we binalary\u0148 has be\u00fdik gurulmagyna m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik ber\u00fd\u00e4rdi.<\/p>\n
\u200bDa\u015farky Tiregler (Flying Buttresses): Binany\u0148 da\u015fyndan gurlan bu “\u00fdarym arkalar” diwarlary sakla\u00fdardy. Netijede, galy\u0148 diwarlary gurmak zerurlygy a\u00fdrylyp, olary\u0148 \u00fderine \u00e4girt uly a\u00fdnalar go\u00fduldy.<\/p>\n
\u200bWitra\u017elar (Re\u0148kli A\u00fdnalar): Gotika ybadathanalaryny\u0148 i\u00e7i gara\u0148ky d\u00e4ldir, olar “Ruhy \u00fdagtylyk” bilen doludyr. G\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6hlesi re\u0148kli a\u00fdnalardan ge\u00e7ip, binany\u0148 i\u00e7ine t\u00e4sin \u00f6w\u00fc\u015fgin ber\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu a\u00fdnalarda k\u00f6plen\u00e7 Injilden heka\u00fdalar suratlandyrylandyr (sebebi \u015fol wagt halky\u0148 k\u00f6p\u00fcsi okap bilme\u00fd\u00e4rdi).<\/p>\n
\u200bGotika di\u00fdlende k\u00f6pleri\u0148 g\u00f6z \u00f6\u0148\u00fcne Gargul\u00fdalar (Gargoyles) gel\u00fd\u00e4r.Olar di\u0148e bir bezeg d\u00e4l. Gargul\u00fdalar aslynda suw akdyryjy turbalardyr. \u00ddagy\u015f \u00fdaganda, suw binany\u0148 diwaryny za\u00fdalamaz \u00fdaly, bu he\u00fdkelleri\u0148 agzyndan da\u015faryk akdyrylypdyr Olar \u015fe\u00fdle hem “erbet ruhlary” ybadathanadan uzakda saklamagy\u0148 simwoly hasaplanypdyr.<\/p>\n
\u200bEger siz Gotika sungatyny\u0148 hakyky g\u00fc\u00fdj\u00fcni g\u00f6rmek islese\u0148iz, \u015fu binalar i\u0148 a\u00fddy\u0148 mysallardyr:<\/p>\n
\u200bNotr-Dam de Pari (Fransi\u00fda): Gotikany\u0148 i\u0148 me\u015fhur nusgasy. Wiktor G\u00fdugony\u0148 eserleri arkaly has hem me\u015fhurla\u015fdy.<\/p>\n
\u200bMilan Ybadathanasy (Itali\u00fda): Ak mermerden gurlan, m\u00fc\u0148ler\u00e7e he\u00fdkel bilen bezelen \u00e4girt uly bina.<\/p>\n
\u200bK\u00f6lner Dom (Germani\u00fda): Be\u00fdikligi we \u015f\u00fcwele\u0148liligi bilen ha\u00fdran galdyr\u00fdan, gurlu\u015fygy 600 \u00fdyla \u00e7eken ybadathana.<\/p>\n
\u200bH\u00e4zirki wagtda “Gotika” di\u00fdlende k\u00f6plen\u00e7 gara ge\u00fdimli \u00fda\u015flar \u00fda-da gorkun\u00e7 filmler g\u00f6z \u00f6\u0148\u00fcne gel\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu “Neogotika” (T\u00e4ze Gotika) hereketidir.XVIII-XIX asyrlarda d\u00f6rey\u00e4n Gotika romanlary (meselem, “Drakula” \u00fda-da “Franken\u015fte\u00fdn”) k\u00f6plen\u00e7 k\u00f6ne, terk edilen gotika galalarynda bolup ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4n wakalary suratlandyr\u00fdardy. \u015ee\u00fdlelikde, bu stil “syrlylyk we gorkun\u00e7lyk” bilen baglany\u015fdyrylyp ba\u015flandy.<\/p>\n
Gotika sungaty \u2013 bu gara\u0148kylyk d\u00e4l, e\u00fdsem \u00fdagtylyga bolan ymtyl\u015fdyr. Ol da\u015fy\u0148 “n\u00e4saz” \u00fdaly bolup g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4n, emma aslynda \u00f6r\u00e4n in\u00e7e hasaplamalar bilen gurlan “da\u015fdan \u00f6r\u00fclen koronasy”dyr. Bu binalar ynsany\u0148 ki\u00e7ijikdigini, emma ruhuny\u0148 be\u00fdikligini \u00fdatlatmak \u00fc\u00e7in gurlupdyr.<\/p>\n
Nurmyradowa Gun\u00e7a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Halkara senagat\u00e7ylar we teleke\u00e7iler uniwersitetini\u0148 Dil \u00f6wreni\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmini\u0148 110-njy toparyny\u0148 talyby<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u200bSiz ha\u00e7an-da bolsa \u00ddewropany\u0148 gadymy \u015f\u00e4herlerini\u0148 suratlaryna seredeni\u0148izde, asmana sary okdurylyp bar\u00fdan u\u00e7ly minaralary, \u00e4girt uly re\u0148kli a\u00fdnalary we da\u015fdan \u00fdonulan gorkun\u00e7, \u00fd\u00f6ne t\u00e4sin he\u00fdkelleri (gargul\u00fdalary) g\u00f6r\u00fcpmidi\u0148iz? Ine, bu \u2014 Gotika sungatydyr.XII asyrda Fransi\u00fdada d\u00f6r\u00e4p, tutu\u015f \u00ddewropa \u00fda\u00fdran bu stil, di\u0148e bir binag\u00e4rlik bolman, e\u00fdsem ynsany\u0148 Huda\u00fda we \u00fdagtylyga bolan ymtyl\u015fyny\u0148 da\u015fdaky be\u00fdanydyr. Gotika N\u00e4me […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26538"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26538"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26539,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26538\/revisions\/26539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsashgabat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}